Ammonia - Southern Ionics Incorporated

1 AmmoniaCREATIVESOLUTIONSTO DAYNH4 OHCREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAYS outhern Ionics Incorporated (SII) was founded in 1980 and is a privately owned organization. Our corporate headquarters and research facilities are located in West Point and Columbus Mississippi respectively. We also possess manufacturing facilities throughout the Gulf Coast, Southeast, and Mid Atlantic, including four aqua Ammonia supply points in Augusta, Georgia, Baton Rouge and Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Pasadena, Texas. Southern Ionics offers its customers the advantages of multiple manufacturing locations combined with economical logistics and technical service. CUSTOMER FOCUSS outhern Ionics is committed to building a team of motivated individuals who can advance the technology of our business, manufacture quality products, and provide our customers with the service and know-how to maximize the value of our products.

2 For our customers, Southern Ionics provides comprehensive technical service and applications assistance for all products through our engineering, technical sales, and R&D personnel. Southern Ionics quality management system is certified to ISO 9001 Standards. Potable water treatment products are NSF certified for use. Many of our products meet the FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) requirements. Our Vision is to build a company that excels in safety, reliability, quality, and service. We strive to be a company our customers and employees trust, have confidence in, and can depend upon recognizing that excellence is a way of life built on every action we SERVICES afely exceeding customer expectations is our number one priority.

3 SII has a centrally located Customer Service Department with toll free telephone (800 953-3585) and facsimile (800 953-3588) numbers for customer convenience while ordering during business hours. We also have a toll free number for after hours and emergencies. The after-hours operator is equipped with pertinent information to handle any customer request. This allows for 24 hour, 7 days a week, 365 days a year service to handle customer management is also available. SII personnel can monitor customer tank levels and usage rates by phone or automated phone and internet systems. SII then schedules delivery based on the customer s inventory targets and usage rates. PRODUCT INFORMATIONS outhern Ionics aqua -CAT aqua Ammonia is manufactured in Lake Charles, Louisiana.

4 Distribution is also available from SII s locations in Augusta, Georgia; Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Lake Charles, Louisiana; and Pasadena, Texas. aqua -CAT aqua Ammonia is also known as Ammonia solution. Southern Ionics manufactures our aqua -CAT ammonium hydroxide from purified anhydrous Ammonia , and de-mineralized water. It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. Concentrations up to a nominal 29% solution are main uses for aqua -CAT Ammonia solution are:1. SCR and SNCR for removal of nitrous oxides in stack emissions2. Catalyst Manufacture3. Pharmaceuticals4. Specialty chemical manufacturing5. Water treatment6. Fiber manufacturingCREATIVE SOLUTIONS TODAYSII manufactures and markets the following products: aqua -CAT aqua AMMONIAALUMINUM CHLORIDE, POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE, ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATEALUMINUM SULFATE SOLUTION, LOW IRON AND COMMERCIAL GRADEACID ALUM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONIRON FREE ACTIVATED ALUMCAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONCEMENT MANUFACTURING ADDITIVESSODIUM ALUMINATESODIUM BISULFITESODIUM SULFITESODIUM THIOSULFATESODA ASH SOLUTIONMAGNESIUM SULFATEVARIOUS ZIRCONIC COMPOUNDS4 Southern Ionics : Ammonia HANDBOOKMANUFACTURING PROCESSAQUA-CAT aqua Ammonia is manufactured from de-mineralized (de-ionized) water and high purity anhydrous Ammonia .

5 The manufacturing method consists of the rapid dissolution of anhydrous Ammonia vapor into de-mineralized water. The use of Ammonia vapor produces a superior quality aqua Ammonia solution to that produced from liquid anhydrous Ammonia . The different strengths of aqua -CAT aqua Ammonia are typically made in a step-wise process with successive additions of anhydrous Ammonia . This is done to increase the concentration of the Ammonia in the liquid and, at the same time, allows the removal of the excess heat of reaction. MANUFACTURING PROCESSLake Charles, LouisianaReverse Osmosis and Cationic, Anionic, Mixed Demineralization and PolishingConvertorAQUA-CAT AmmoniumHydroxideDe-mineralizedWaterAnhy drousAmmoniaTruckRailMANUFACTURING PROCESSH ouston Ammonia Terminal (HAT)& Donaldsonville, LouisianaAnhydrousAmmoniaPackedBedAbsorb erTruckRailPrimary Clarificationvia R/O or Clarifier,Cationic, Anionic, MixedBed Demineralizationand PolishingAQUA-CAT De-mineralizedWaterVaporSOUTHERN Ionics : Ammonia HANDBOOK5 PERSONAL SAFETYAQUA-CAT aqua Ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) solution is a hazardous material.

6 Contact with eyes, skin, or mucous membranes can cause irritation. To avoid irritation, aqua -CAT aqua Ammonia should be handled in open or well-ventilated areas. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, rubber boots, rubber gloves, rubber aprons, and face shields, should be worn. Respirators should be worn unless the ventilation is adequate enough to keep airborne concentrations below the exposure standards. Ingestion of aqua -CAT aqua Ammonia can be fatal. THE MSDS MUST BE READ, UNDERSTOOD AND FOLLOWED BEFORE HANDLING aqua -CAT aqua AID EYES Immediately flush with flowing water for at least 15 minutes with eyelids held apart. Obtain medical attention. SKIN Apply water immediately to exposed areas of skin and continue for at least 15 minutes.

7 Remove contaminated clothing while continuing to apply water. Do not apply salves or ointments to area. Obtain medical attention. INHALATION Remove victim to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. If breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention. INGESTION DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If person is conscious, give large quantities of water and, if possible, diluted vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, or other citric juices to neutralize the Ammonia . Delay may cause perforation of esophagus or stomach. Obtain medical PROTECTIONFLASH POINT N/ALOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT 15% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volumeUPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT 28% of Ammonia Gas in Air by volumeLIMITING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION 15% O2 is the minimum to support combustion.

8 Inert gas pad systems are recommended. Please see the data provided in the physical properties section of this IGNITION TEMPERATURE - 850 C, 1560 FEXTINGUISHING MEDIA Water spray or fog type streams. Chemical extinguishers or CO2 extinguishers should be used on small fires FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES Stop the flow of liquid. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool and to protect personnel affecting the shut off. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Approach fire upwind and evacuate area downwind if FIRE & EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS The presence of oil or other combustible materials will increase the fire hazard. The explosive (flammable) range of Ammonia is broadened by a mixture of oxygen replacing air and by temperature and pressure higher than atmospheric.

9 aqua Ammonia storage tanks that do not use inert gas pads potentially may contain explosive vapor mixtures. Sources of ignition should be DATASTABILITY Stable at temperatures below boiling TO AVOID Heat, open flames, and electrical equipment and fixtures which are not vapor proof or , ENVIRONMENTAL & REGULATORY6 Southern Ionics : Ammonia HANDBOOKINCOMPATIBILITY Strong acids, most common metals, strong oxidizing agents, mercury, chlorine, bromine, iodine, calcium, silver oxide, hypochlorite, bronze, brass, copper, and DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS Ammonia is chemically reactive, easily undergoing oxidation, substitution, and additional reactions. Combustion of Ammonia will yield small amounts of nitrogen and POLYMERIZATION Will not , SYMPTOMS AND EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE AND TOXICITYSIGNS & SYMPTOMS Burning of the eyes, conjunctivitis, skin irritation, swelling of the eyelids and lips, dry mouth and tongue, burning of the throat, and coughing.

10 In more severe cases of exposure, difficulty breathing, signs and symptoms of lung congestions, and, ultimately, death from respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema may Irritation and possible burns of the skin and mucous membranes. Headache, salivation, nausea, and vomiting. Difficult or labored breathing and cough with bloody mucous discharge. Bronchitis, laryngitis, hemotysis, and pulmonary edema or pneumonities. Ulceration of the conjunctiva and cornea, and corneal and lenticular opacities. Damage to the eyes may be Acute oral toxicity LD50 for rat is 350mg/kg Ammonia . IDLH* Value is 300ppm. *Immediately Dangerous to Life and HealthREGULATORYREGULATIONS Please consult the proper regulatory authorities to determine the appropriate regulations that may apply.