An Assessment of Laboratory Leaching Tests - Washington

1 An Assessment of Laboratory Leaching Tests for Predicting the Impacts of Fill Material on Ground Water and Surface Water quality --A report to the Legislature-- December 2003 Publication No. 03-09-107 printed on recycled paper This report is available on the Department of Ecology s website at: For additional printed copies of this publication, please contact: Department of Ecology Publications Distribution Office Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 e-mail: Phone: (360) 407-7472 Refer to publication number 03-09-107 Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Department of Ecology.

2 The Department of Ecology is an equal-opportunity agency and does not discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, disability, age, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, disabled-veteran s status, Vietnam-era veteran s status, or sexual orientation. If you have special accommodation needs or require this publication in an alternate format, please contact Carol Dorn at (360) 407-7224 (voice) or TTY (for the speech or hearing impaired) at 711 or 800-833-6388. For questions regarding this report , contact Pete Kmet, Toxics Cleanup Program (360) 407-7199 or An Assessment of Laboratory Leaching Tests for Predicting the Impacts of Fill Material on Ground Water and Surface Water quality A report to the Legislature Prepared by Science Applications International Corporation Washington State Department of General Administration Contract No.

3 30700-100968 Toxics Cleanup Program Olympia, Washington 98504-7600 December 2003 Publication No. 03-09-107 printed on recycled paper This page intentionally left blank Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Background ..1 1 Fundamentals of Leaching and Leach Testing .. 3 Leaching of Fill Material: Basic 3 Factors Controlling Leaching Under Field Conditions .. 4 Leaching Tests : Basic Concepts .. 5 Leaching Fluid ..7 Particle Size .. 9 Management Scenario/Conditions .. 9 Leaching Test Types.

4 10 Leaching Tests Used for Evaluating Potential Impacts to Water quality in Situations Where Fill Material Is Imported .. 12 Leaching Tests Used by the Federal Agencies, States, and Other 12 Federal Hazardous Wastes Regulations Characteristic of 12 Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission/Department of Environmental quality Regulations for Site Characterization of Landfills .. 16 California Regulations for Identification and Listing of Hazardous 17 California Regulations for Recyclable Hazardous Wastes - Requirements for Recyclable Materials that Are Placed on the 18 Illinois Requirements for New Steel and Foundry Industry Wastes Landfills.

5 19 Indiana Department of Environmental Management - Guidance on Lead Issues at Small Arms Firing 19 North Dakota Department of Health Division of Waste Management - Guideline 11, Ash Utilization for Soil Stabilization, Filler Materials, and Other Engineering 20 Texas Commission on Environmental quality - Class 3 Waste 22 New Jersey Administrative Code - Sanitary Landfill Environmental Performance 22 TARP Program Tier II Guidance Document for Beneficial Use Determination of Non-hazardous Materials .. 23 Iowa - Beneficial Use Determinations: Solid By-Products as Resources and Alternative Cover Material.

6 25 Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Department of Environmental Management Management of Dredge Materials .. 26 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Interim Guidance on the Use of Leaching Tests for Unsaturated Contaminated Soils to Determine Groundwater Contamination Potential .. 26 Page ii British Columbia Special Waste Regulation - Waste Management Act .. 27 Ontario Regulation 347 - General Waste Management Regulation .. 28 European Union - Criteria and Procedures for the Acceptance of Waste at Landfills 28 Michigan Department of Environmental quality - Alternate Soil Leaching 30 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Requirements for Discharges to Ground Water, Permits for Disposal of Dredge Spoils.

7 32 North Carolina Department Of Environment and Natural Resources - Requirements for Beneficial Use of Coal Combustion 33 Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation - Guidance Document on Alternate Use of Mine Waste Solids .. 33 Summary .. 34 Description of Leaching Tests Available for Evaluating Potential Impacts to Water quality in Situations Where Fill Material Is 36 ASTM D 3987 Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with 38 ASTM D 4793 Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with 39 ASTM D 4874 Standard Test Method for Leaching Solid Waste in a Column Apparatus.

8 41 ASTM D 5744 Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell .. 42 ASTM D 6234 Standard Method for Shake Extraction of Mining Waste by the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching 43 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching 44 Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) .. 47 Standard Elutriate Test (SET).. 49 Dredge Elutriate Test (DRET) .. 49 Pancake Column Leach Test (PCLT) .. 50 Sequential Batch Leachate Test (SBLT) .. 50 NEN 7341 Availability Test (The Netherlands).

9 51 NEN 7343 Column Leach Test (The Netherlands) .. 52 NEN 7345 Tank Leach Test (The Netherlands) .. 53 prEN 14405 (2002) Upflow Percolation 53 EN 12457 Compliance Test for Granular Waste Materials.. 54 Survey of 55 Assessment of Leaching Test Methods for Analyzing Water quality Impacts for All Types of Project and in All Circumstances Where Fill Material Is 62 Leaching Test Results and Actual Field Leachate Concentrations .. 62 Summary of 62 Literature Review .. 73 Page iii Leaching Tests for Evaluating Risk in Solid Waste Management Decision Making (Townsend, et al.)

10 , 2003a) .. 73 Evaluation of Batch Leaching Procedures for Estimating Metal Mobility in Glaciated Soils (Lackovic, et al. 1997) .. 74 A Comparison of Small-Scale, Pilot-Scale and Large-Scale Tests for Predicting Leaching Behavior of Landfilled Wastes (Kylefors, et al., 2002).. 76 The Use of Alternative Materials in Road Construction (European Commission, 2001) .. 77 The Leaching Behavior of Cement Stabilized Air Pollution Control Residues: A Comparison of Field and Laboratory Investigations (Baur, et al., 2001).. 79 Modelling of the Source Term for a Predominantly Inorganic Waste Landfill Using Data Obtained From Laboratory -Scale Testing, Lysimeter Studies and Pilot Scale Monitoring (van der Sloot, et al.