An introduction to THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS ACT …

1 An introductiontoTHE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS ACT (IPRA) of 1997 An IP Human RIGHTS Based Policing FrameworkPresented by: DAHLIALYN D DAIT-CAWED,MNSAC hief, Human RIGHTS Division OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENTN ational Commission on INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (NCIP) Dait-Cawed, Clash of Philippine Land Laws: An INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Perspective, Unpublished Thesis, National Defense College of the Philippines, Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS Act of 1997 The United Nations Declaration on the RIGHTS of INDIGENOUS PEOPLES International LabourOrganization Convention 169 HB659bySittiDjallaATurabin-Hataman AnActProhibitingDiscriminationAgainstPer sonsonAccountofEthnicOriginand/orreligio usBelief QRU-Central5thCommissionReport,2013 ABriefonComplaintsonIndigenousPeoplesRig htsViolations(IPRVs),15 February2013 ReferencesOBJECTIVES OF THE SESSION To enable participants to understand contexts of INDIGENOUS PEOPLES /cultural communities IPs/ICCs); TounderstandtheIPRAorRepublicAct8371asan IPhumanrightspolicyframework.

2 ToenableparticipantstounderstandthatIPri ghtsarehumanrights; TounderstandissuesaffectingIP/ICCstoward sanIPsensitivecommunitypolicing; ForparticipantstobeadvocatesofIPrightsAs newly designated WILL YOU DO FIRST???WHAT WILL YOU DO SECOND???WHAT WILL YOU DO NEXT???OUTLINE OF PRESENTATIONII. THE IPRA: AN IP HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY FRAMEWORKIV. REALITIES ON THE GROUNDIV. SUMMARY & ARE THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES -discrimination-Peace/armed conflict-Human security-developmentrefer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others,who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership, since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories.

3 (Chapter II, Sec. 3 (h) IPRA) 110 Ethno-linguistic groups estimated population of 14 million 16% of PH population8 CORDILLERA & REGION IBontoc; Balangao, Isneg, Tinguian,, KankanaeyKalanguya, Karao, lbaloi, Ayangan, lfugao, Tuwali, Kalinga, Bago, Applai, II, CARABALLO MOUNTAINSAgta, Kalanguya, Bugkalot, Isinai, Gaddang , Aggay , Dumagat , lbanag, Itawis, lvatan, Yogad, III & REST OF LUZON/SIERRA MADRE MOUNTAINS (RIII, RIV & RV)Aeta, Negrito. Abelling, Agta, Dumagat, Remontado, Bugkalot, Cimaron, Kabihug, Tabangnon, Abiyan, (Aeta), Isarog, ltom, & EASTERN MINDANAO(RXI & RXIII)Manobo, Mandaya, Mansaka, Dibabawon, Banwaon. Bagobo, Ubo Manobo, Tagakaolo, Talaingod, Langilan, Mamanwa, Higaonon, Blaan, T'boli, Kalagan, Tagabawa, Mangguangan, Tigwahanon, Sangil, Agusan Manobo, GROUPS (RVI & R VII)Agutaynon, Tagbanua, Dagayanen, Tao't Bato, Batak,Pala wanMolbog, Iraya Mangyan, Hanunuo Mangyan, Alangan Mangyan, Buhid Mangyan, Tadyawan Mangyan, Batangan Mangyan, Gubatnon Mangyan, Ratagnon Mangyan, Ati, Cuyunon, Sulod/Bukidnon, MagahatKorolanos, Ata, Bukidnon, Escaya, Badjao, & WESTERN MINDANAO (RIX & RX)Manobo, Subanen, Arumanen Manobo, Arakan Manobo, Teduray, Dibabawon, Banwaon, Bagobo, Ubo Manobo, Tagakaolo, Talaingod,, Langilan, Mamanwa, Higaonon, Blaan, T'boli, Kalagan, Tagabawa, Manobo Blit, Matigsalog, Tigwahanon, Tagabawa, Sangil, etc.

4 14 M IP POPULATION (16%) 110 Ethnolinguistic Groups 7 .7 M HAS. ( ) CENTRAL MINDANAO (RXII)Aromanon, Tiruray, Bagobo, Ubo Manobo, Higaonon, Subanen, Iranon, B laan, Lambangian, PEOPLES of the & deep-rooted history of discrimination , marginalization & continuing till the present called by various names & handled by different agencies (1901 to present) Non-participation & exclusion in local & national plans (Top Down Approach; no agenda in national plans) Invisible in PH census (uncounted & an accounted) Devtaggression ( inaccessibility of services; extractive industries) ARE THE IPs/ICCs? 1901: Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes (PCA 253) under the Dept of Interior 1902: Bureau of Ethnological Survey for the Phil Islands vice DOI 1957: Comm on National Integration (non-christian Filipinos) RA 1888 1972: Pres l Assistance on National Minorities (PANAMIN) 1984: Office for MuslimAffairs &Cultural Communities(OMACC) 1987: OSCC; ONCC& OMA 1997: National Comm on INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (merger of OSCC & ONCC) 2007; National Comm on Muslim Filipinos IPs/ICCs: PEOPLES CALLED BY VARIOUS NAMESS truggle 4 SDI.

5 WHO ARE THE IPs/ICCs? 1950s: WB Chico Dam Project/ 70s Macliing Dulag rise of insurgency 1993: WB OP Guide for IPs 1997: IPRA IPs/ICCs: STRUGGLE TO SELF-DETERMINATIONIPRA as response; definitions I. WHO ARE THE IPs/ICCs? Native Title (CADT) Customary Laws ( leadership & justice systems) Ancestral Domains/territories/homelands & people INDIGENOUS Knowledge Systems & Practices (IKSP) INDIGENOUS Political Structure (IPS) Cultural Integrity IPs/ICCs: STRUGGLE TO SELF-DETERMINATION definitionsSpirit of the Law (IPRA) An act to recognize, protectand promotethe RIGHTS of INDIGENOUS cultural communities/ INDIGENOUS people, creating a National Commission of INDIGENOUS PEOPLES , establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes (thus RIGHTS based approach framework)Pre-IPRA Issuances1990: Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Special Order Number 31 (SO 31).

6 CSTFAL was :Secretary Angel C. Alcala of the DENR, issued Administrative Order Number 2 (DAO 2). Rules and Regulations for the Identification, Delineation and Recognition of Ancestral Land and Domain Claims. What is social justice?Equality under the lawWhat is social justice? Those who have less in life should have more in law Recognition of IP RightsTreaty of Paris (10 December 1898)Philippines was ceded to US for $20 MCentury Old StruggleLapulapuDiscovery vs. ConquestPoints to PonderRegalianDoctrine The King owns everything Native Title Doctrine Time immemorial Possession Regalian DoctrineAlllandsofthepublicdomain,waters ,minerals,coal,petroleum,andothermineral oils,allforcesofpotentialenergy,fisherie s,forestsortimber,wildlife,floraandfauna , Title DoctrineTheState,subjecttotheprovisionso fthisConstitutionandnationaldevelopmentp oliciesandprograms,shallprotecttherights ofindigenousculturalcommunitiestotheiran cestrallandstoensuretheireconomic,social , [Section 5 Article XII, Philippine Constitution]

7 Definition of Native TitleRefers topre-conquest RIGHTS to lands and domainswhich, as far back as memory reaches, have been held under a claim of private ownership by ICCs/IPs, have never been public landsand are thus indisputably presumed to have been held that way since before the Spanish Conquest[Par. l, Section 3, RA 8371]Cari o v. Insular Government: 72 Phil 935; 212 US 449 [N]oone,wesuppose,woulddenythat,sofarasc onsistentwithparamountnecessities,ourfir stobjectintheinternaladministrationofthe islandsistodojusticetothenatives, ,embodyingthesafeguardsoftheConstitution ,and,liketheConstitution, "nolawshallbeenactedinsaidislandswhichsh alldepriveanypersonoflife,liberty,orprop ertywithoutdueprocessoflaw,ordenytoanype rsonthereintheequalprotectionofthelaws.

8 "( )Cari o v. Insular Government: 72 Phil 935; 212 US 449 Inthelightofthedeclarationthatwehavequot edfromsection12,itishardtobelievethatthe UnitedStateswasreadytodeclareinthenextbr eaththat"anyperson"didnotembracetheinhab itantsofBenguet,orthatitmeantby"property "onlythatwhichhadbecomesuchbyceremonieso fwhichpresumablyalargepartoftheinhabitan tsneverhadheard,andthatitproposedtotreat aspubliclandwhatthey,bynativecustomandby longassociation,oneoftheprofoundestfacto rsinhumanthought,--regardedastheirown. IPRA dtailsRepublic Act 8371 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS Act-Landmark legislation to:-Correct Historical Injustice-Enforce Constitutional Mandates -Observe International HRts norms/standards Source: NCIPII. THE IPRA: AN IP HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY FRAMEWORKIntl strds vis ipraICERD-19651967 ICESCR-19661974 Cedaw-19791981 Cat-19841986 ICCPR-19661989 Crc-19891990cmw-1990 1995 CRPD2008 IPRA is based on int l HRts standards among othersilo 169undripIpra& UN policiesSource: NCIPII.

9 THE IPRA: AN IP HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY FRAMEWORK SELF-DETERMINATION INDIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE RIGHTS LAND & RESOURCES IDENTITY & UNIQUE INSTITUTIONS, CULTURE & PRACTICES DEVELOPMENT IN THEIR OWN ASPIRATIONS & AT THEIR OWN PACE NON-DISCRIMINATION SOCIAL, ECO, POL, CULTURAL, CIVIL RIGHTSSIMILARITIES of IPRA with UN policiesIPRA dtailsTHE IPRA: An IP human rts framework 13 CHAPTERS 83 SECTIONS Signed by former PFVR on Oct 29/1997 10 yrs after 87 Consti 5 pillars5 PILLARS of THE IPRA1. RIGHTS to Ancestral Lands & Domains2. Right to Self-Governance and Empowerment3. Right to Social Justice andHuman Rights4. Right to Cultural IntegrityFour Bundles of Right5. THE NCIP5 PILLARS of THE IPRA Right of ownership Right to develop lands & natural resources Right to stay in territories Right in case of displacement Right to regulate entry of migrants Right to safe clean water and air Right to claim part of reservations Right to resolve conflict RIGHTS to ancestral lands Right to transfer land/property (AL) Right to redemption (AL) (responsiblilities of IP/ICCs)-Maintain ecological balance-Restore denuded areas-Observe laws1.

10 RIGHTS to AL/Domains (Sec 7-8)5 PILLARS of THE IPRA RIGHTS to self-gov & self-determination; integrity of values, practices and institutions; Support for autonomous regions; Right to use own commonly accepted justice systems, peace building processes, conflict resolution institutions; Right to participate in decision-making Right to determine & decide priorities for development Right to constitute tribal barangays in accordance with LGC Recognition of the role of PEOPLES organizations2. RIGHTS to Self-governance & empowerment (Sec 13-20)5 PILLARS of THE IPRA Right to equal protection & non-discrimination RIGHTS during armed conflict Freedom from discrimination & right to equal protection Right to Employment Right to basic social serivces RIGHTS of INDIGENOUS women RIGHTS of INDIGENOUS children & youth3.