An Update of ILI Tools & Other Industry Technologies

1 An Update of ILI Tools & Other Industry Technologies For the Oklahoma Gas Association Lloyd Pirtle Registered trademarks of Williamson, Inc. in the United States and in foreign countries. Copyright 2009. August 27th, 2013. Outline Pipeline Preparation Regulatory Notes Technology Offerings Value of Running Multiple Technologies Mechanical Damage Expanding the Multi-Data Set Value Characterization of Materials Positive Material Identification Questions 2. Pipeline Piggability Pipeline Dimensions Length, wt, pipe ID. Design Review Pipeline Materials Coatings, 70's ERW, Seamless Bends Miters, Long Radius, Factory / Field Reducers Concentric/Eccentric Tees Position, Diameters, Flows, Barred/Unbarred Stopple Fittings/Tees Piggable Plugs installed Valves Appropriate design Launchers/Receivers design specs Drips 3.

2 Pigging Categories Cleaning Corrosion Control - removal of undesirable corrosive materials Improve operating efficiency - savings in pump or compressor fuel Batching Product separation Fuels, crudes, etc Slugging Operations Cleaning, Biocides, Inhibitors, etc Displacement Commissioning/Decommissioning Conversions Inspection Tools Geometry Metal Loss Cracks Mapping 4. Pipeline Cleaning Choices Dry Mechanical Pigging * Debris can ignite on contact w/ O2 Black Powder Difficult to remove some debris (especially fine particles). Various pigs, Tubs, Drums, Filters Detergent Enhanced Pigging More effective at removing solids Water or Diesel as Base solution Wet film left behind On-Line Convenience of being On-stream In Gas, requires separation Cash Register Running Pig Velocity Control ?? Off-Line Virtually complete control of pig velocity Can make more pig runs Cash Register off 5.

3 Technology Strengths & Limitations 6. TDW ILI Technology Offering LGT (GEO) (Light Geometry tool ) 6 - 14 . KALIPER 360 (Geometry Inspection - NC) 16 - 48 . Deformation (Hi Res Geometry Inspection) 4 - 48 . MFL (SM) (Axial Magnetic Flux Leakage) 4 - 20 . GMFL (FM) (Gas Magnetic Flux Leakage) 6 - 48 . XYZ (IMU GPS Mapping) 6 - 48 . SpirALL (Spiral Magnetic Flux Leakage) 6 - 24 . RMFL / LFMFL (Residual / Low Field MFL) 8 - 24 . MDS (Multi-Data Set) (DEF/GMFL/SMFL/RMFL/IMU) 8 - 24 . SPC Speed Control (24,26,36,42,48 ). LD GMFL Low Drag Air-coupled Axial MFL. EMAT (Newest) Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer 12/16 . 7. Geometry Inspection Registered trademarks of Williamson, Inc. in the United States and in foreign countries. Copyright 2009. KALIPER 360 ILI tool Performance Specs Provides Clock orientation &.

4 Distance for locating 2% depth sizing accuracy 12 & below is 1/4 dent minimum Low drag can be run in low Pipeline Features Detected: pressure, low flow applications. Bends and elbows Great tool for new build geometry Girth welds inspection baselines. ID changes Pipe Anomalies Identified: Misalignment Ovality Buckles Dents Wrinkles 9. K360 Inside Dent View 10. Light Geometry tool Features Lightweight & compact Negotiate bore reductions up to 32%. 1% depth sizing accuracy 1-2% expansion sizing accuracy Pipeline Features Detected: Provides orientation & distance Bends and elbows Fingers touch the pipe wall Girth welds ID changes Caliper Battery Odometer Front Pull Plate Pipe Anomalies Identified: Assembly Assembly Assembly Misalignment Expansions Weld variations Ovality Caliper Support Coupler Drive Cups Buckles & Wrinkles Cups Dents 11.

5 Deformation Inspection tool Pipeline Features Detected: Bends and elbows Performance Features Girth welds High circumferential resolution ID changes Negotiate bore reductions up to 25% Pipe Anomalies Identified: depth sizing accuracy on dents Dents depth sizing on expansions Misalignment Provides orientation and distance Expansions Provides highest level of confidence for Weld variations characterizing geometric features Ovality Buckles & Wrinkles 12. Expansion Cross Section at Increased ID. Cross Section at Nominal The orange circle in this view represents the nominal ID of the pipe. The Blue circle represents the maximum ID at the specific location. 13. The Real Thing 14. Deformation How sensitive is it ? 15 SLIGHT INDICATIONS IN DEFORMATION DATA. Deformation 16 SAME LOCATION IN MFL. Axial MFL Inspection Tools Registered trademarks of Williamson, Inc.

6 In the United States and in foreign countries. Copyright 2009. Axial MFL - Principle Pipe Wall Section Brushes Sensor N S Magnet Metal Loss Defect Pipe Wall Section Brushes Sensor N S Magnet Magnet Flux Leakage 18. Typical SM Axial MFL Brush tool Magnetism running through pipe from pole North to South Pole Sensors taking measurements of Magnetic Flux Leakage &. collecting data 19. Axial MFL Technology Pipeline Features Detected: Valves, flanges, fittings Bends and elbows Girth welds Long Seam welds (HD). Spiral welds Wall Thickness change Pipe Anomalies Identified: General metal loss due to corrosion Gouges Internal/External metal loss 20. Value of Axial Datasets MFL w/IDOD. Volumetric Anomalies Mill Anomalies Extra Metal Internal/External Classification Dents 21. Combo Tools DEF + XYZ. MFL + XYZ.

7 GMFL + XYZ. MFL + DEF + XYZ. GMFL + DEF + XYZ. Many Additional Configurations 22. Value of Combination Datasets MFL w/IDOD. Volumetric DEF. Anomalies Ovalities Mill Anomalies Dent with Volumetric Dents Extra Metal Metal Loss Misalignments Internal/External Other bore Classification changes Dents 23. AGM's aka Above Ground Markers NOTE: If you're interested in finding anomalies /. defects this is important Centerline Depth of Cover AGM Selection Anomaly Mapping 24. AGM Survey 25. Mapping Overview Accelerometers measure linear movement Gyroscopes measure rotational movement If a known initial position and speed is given, the current position and speed can be calculated 26. Run Requirements Initial and Final alignment locations are crucial for IMU processing - Questionnaire lists 14' oversize at receive site - Survey places the Door to Reducer at 2'.

8 27. Road crossing at receive 28. Location Accuracy 29. Run Requirements Pipeline Operation Mapping and/or chaining will be required to locate defects Pipeline cleanliness is a key factor, minimal vibration is a key element to successful mapping runs Optimal tool speed of 1 - 3 m/s ( ft/s - ft/s). Above ground reference points every 2km ( miles) or 25. minutes - Stop points longer than the 5 minutes need to be surveyed A 15 minute alignment time at the launcher and receiver locations - The tool must remain motionless during this time 30. Speed Control 24 SC+GMFL+XYZ+DEF. 26 SC+GMFL+XYZ+DEF. 36 SC+GMFL+XYZ+DEF. 42 SC+GMFL+XYZ+DEF. 48 SC+GMFL+XYZ+DEF. 31. Multiple DataSets with SpirALL MFL Technology Registered trademarks of Williamson, Inc. in the United States and in foreign countries. Copyright 2009.

9 Seam Assessment Technology Axial versus Circumferential MFL. Axial MFL Circumferential MFL. Not Detected Detected 33. Oblique Concept Traditional MFL Oblique MFL. Oblique field illustration 34. DEF. MFL. SMFL. IDOD. XYZ Residual GPS Low Field Multiple Datasets SMFL+DEF+MFL (IDOD)+RES+XYZ. 35. Multiple Data Set Identification ODO & Drive SMFL DEF&IDOD with CPU MFL Residual with Battery 36. Analysis with Multiple Data Sets 37. Value of Multiple Datasets MFL w/IDOD. Volumetric Anomalies Mill Anomalies Extra Metal Internal/External Classification Dents Planar versus Volumetric Axially oriented Anomalies Metal Loss in Seamless Pipe Dent with Volumetric SMFL Metal Loss crossing Girth Welds Metal Loss Gouging Narrow Axial Corrosion DEF. Selective Seam Ovalities Corrosion Dents with Metal Loss Dents Planar / Crack-like Pipe Characteristic Changes Misalignments Seam Anomalies Gouging/ML without dent Other bore changes Volumetric Anomalies (pipe body or seam) Dent Mill Anomalies with residual stress Residual / Low Field Magnetization Permiability Anomalies Hard spots Mechanical Stress Pipe Characteristic Changes 38.

10 Axial MFL + SMFL 8. Circumferential Grooving Circumferential Slotting Axial MFL. 7. 6. Normalized Defect Width, W/A. 5 General Overlap = Enhanced 4. Characterization 3. 2 Pitting Axial Grooving 1. SpirALL MFL. Pinhole Axial Slotting 0. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. 39 Normalized Defect Length, L/A. Pull Test Data Axial MFL Oblique MFL. 40. Field Results Dig location C Planar Anomaly in seam weld 41. Characterization Volumetric versus Planar anomalies Planar anomaly not visible in MFL. MFL data SMFL data 42. Characterization SMFL eliminates seamless Low-Level Metal Loss in Seamless Pipe noise pattern which makes low-level metal loss visible MFL data SMFL data 43. MFL SMFL Residual DEF. Dent with metal loss. Slight indication in MFL, but very clear in SMFL (arrows). DEF clearly shows Dent. Not much of 44.