Anatomy of the Respiratory System - apchute.com

1 NAME _____LAB TIME/DATE _____REVIEW SHEET exercise36 Anatomy of the Respiratory SystemReview Sheet 36283 Upper and Lower Respiratory System the labeling of the diagram of the upper Respiratory structures (sagittal section). pairs of vocal folds are found in the larynx. Which pair are the true vocal cords (superior or inferior)? the specific cartilages in the larynx that correspond to the following descriptions:forms the Adam s apple: shaped like a signet ring: a lid for the larynx: vocal cord attachment: is the significance of the fact that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilage rings? Of the fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly? Cribriform plate of ethmoid boneSuperior meatusSphenoidal sinusOpening ofauditory tubeNasopharynxFrontal sinusMiddle meatusInferior meatusHard palateTongueHyoid boneCricoid cartilageThyroid cartilage of larynxThyroid glandNAME _____LAB TIME/DATE _____Superior conchaMiddle conchaInferior conchaExternal naresEpiglottisTracheaTrue vocal cordsof larynx(vocal folds)Pharyngeal tonsilSoft palateUvulaPalatine tonsilOropharynxLaryngopharynxEsophagusI nferiorthyroidcricoidepiglottisarytenoid Prevents its collapse during pressure changes occurring during a food bolus traveling down the posterior esophagus to bulge 5/12/04 3:23 PM Page 283 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: is the function of the pleural membranes?

2 Two functions of the nasal cavity mucosa: following questions refer to the primary is longer? Larger in diameter? More horizontal? The more common site for lodging of a foreign object that has entered the Respiratory passageways? label all structures provided with leader lines on the diagrams Sheet 36 Produce a serous fluid that reduces friction during breathing movements and helpsto hold the lungs tightly to the thorax and moistens incoming (mainstem) bronchisuperior lobe ofleft lungsecondary (lobar) bronchustertiary (segmental) bronchussuperior lobeof right lunginferiorlobealveolarsacmiddlelobeter minal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolesinferior lobealveolar ductalveolialveolar ductighapmLre36pg283_288 5/12/04 3:23 PM Page 284 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: a molecule of oxygen from the external nares to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs: External nares the terms in column B to the descriptions in column AColumn B1.

3 Connects the larynx to the primary bronchi2. site of tonsils3. food passageway posterior to the trachea4. covers the glottis during swallowing of food5. contains the vocal cords6. nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration7. pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax8. site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood9. connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx10. opening between the vocal air turbulence in the nasal cavity12. separates the oral cavity from the nasal portions of the Respiratory System are referred to as anatomical dead space? Why? the following respiration:internal respiration: cellular respiration: of auditory nervem. primary pleuraReview Sheet 36285nasal cavity pharynx larynx trachea primary bronchus secondary/tertiary bronchi (etc.)

4 Bronchiole respira-tory bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sac across alveolar/capillary walls pulmonary bloodnkedgljahfciAll but the Respiratory zone structures (respi-ratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and alveoli).Because no gas exchange occurs except in the Respiratory zone, particularly in the of gases across the Respiratory membrane in the of Respiratory gases between the blood of the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells of the cellular 5/12/04 3:23 PM Page 285 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: the diagram below identify alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, alveoli, and red blood cells. Bracket therespiratory Lung Inflation in a Sheep the lung inflate part by part or as a whole, like a balloon? happened when the pressure was released?

5 Type of tissue ensures this phenomenon? Examining Prepared Slides of Lung and Tracheal tracheal epithelium is ciliated and has goblet cells. What is the function of each of these modifications?Cilia? Goblet cells? tracheal epithelium is said to be pseudostratified. Why? ElasticfiberConnective-tissuefibersConne ctive-tissue cellMonocyte286 Review Sheet 36 Red blood cellsAlveolusCapillaryNucleus of capillaryendotheliumAlveolusAlveolusCapi llary endotheliumAveolarepitheliumRespiratorym embraneCapillaryendotheliumAlveolarepith eliumFused basallaminasagggbgggcPart by lung connective (debris-laden) mucus superiorly away from looks stratified because the cells extend different distances fromthe basement membrane; however, it is a simple columnar 5/12/04 3:23 PM Page 286 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: structural characteristics of the alveoli make them an ideal site for the diffusion of gases?

6 Why does oxygen move from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillary blood? you observed pathological lung sections, what were the responsible conditions and how did the tissue differ from normallung tissue?Slide typeObservationsStudent Sheet 36287 Thin walls, extremely large surface the partial pressure of oxygen is greaterin the alveoli; therefore, it moves according to the laws of diffusion into the pulmonary 5/12/04 3:23 PM Page 287 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts.