ANNUAL SURVEY 2021

1 ANNUAL . SURVEY . 2021. The year Kubernetes crossed the chasm VIEW THE FULL DATA ON GITHUB Featuring production data and insights from Datadog, New Relic and SlashData: KEY METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCES. TAKEAWAYS. Since 2016, the Cloud Native Computing And finally, we incorporated our recent State of GET INVOLVED! Foundation has used its unique position in the Cloud Native Development report developed cloud native community to SURVEY the landscape, for CNCF by SlashData. This analysis is based Container Adoption and understand the dynamics and better serve users on the 20th edition of SlashData's Developer Are you a CNCF member 1 of open source, cloud native technologies. Economics SURVEY which ran between November with in-production data and Kubernetes has truly gone 2020 and February 2021 and reached more than insights, and want to help the mainstream usage has risen For this, our ninth iteration, we set out to create 19,000 developers globally. More than 3800 community better understand across organizations globally, our most ambitious SURVEY yet to enable more SURVEY participants answered questions relating evolving cloud native trends?

2 Particularly in large businesses. individuals to participate than ever before. to the development of backend services and the Apply to take part in our technologies they use. 2022 CNCF ANNUAL SURVEY Firstly, we separated the SURVEY into two parts and keep #teamcloudnative focussing on different areas of the cloud native Beneath the topline numbers and key takeaways, knowledgeable reach out to: With this de-facto status, landscape. Part one of the SURVEY , honing in a fascinating picture emerges of our community 2 on containers and Kubernetes, was conducted growing in importance and ubiquity. We hope Kubernetes is now going between April and June 2021. Part two, you enjoy reading the report as much as we under the hood similar to Linux, conducted between August and November 2021, enjoyed creating it. with more organizations leveraging covered cloud native technologies such as service mesh, serverless, and storage as well as CNCF's managed services and packaged other projects. We also separated responses into platforms.

3 Regions to better understand how the cloud native 38 X. landscape is evolving across the globe. THE CNCF ANNUAL SURVEY . HAS GROWN MORE THAN. Secondly, we called on the expertise of CNCF is also starting to observability platform providers and CNCF. 3 99 550 2400 1337 1324 3829. see organizations move up members Datadog and New Relic, who shared the stack adopting less mature year-on-year production data trends to fully round out our SURVEY and provide a snapshot of projects to tackle challenges key production trends. including monitoring and communications. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021. 2 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. DEMOGRAPHICS. 2302. The 2021 report is truly global in scope, drawing responses from six continents and from across RESPONDENTS. the spectrum of industry, from public, private and NGOs, to start-ups to the enterprise sector. PART 1 / KUBERNETES AND CONTAINERS. REGIONS COMPANY SIZE JOB FUNCTION. The most prevalent job functions 23% 11% 28% LESS.

4 THAN 9 11% *respondents could select more than one function N. AMERICA AFRICA EUROPE. (522) (249) (654) 10-49. 20%. 50-99. 14%. 100-499. 18%. 500-999. 7% 31% | SRE/DEVOPS ENGINEER. 1000 - 4999 9% 25% | SOFTWARE ARCHITECT. 23% | BACKEND DEVELOPER. 3% 25% 10% 5000+. 20%. 16% | FULL-STACK DEVELOPER. C. AMERICA ASIA AUSTRALIA. (68) (579) & OCEANIA 14% | FRONT-END /. (230) APPLICATIONS DEVELOPER. 3 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. DEMOGRAPHICS. 1527. The 2021 report is truly global in scope, drawing responses from six continents and from across RESPONDENTS. the spectrum of industry, from public, private and NGOs, to start-ups to the enterprise sector. PART 2 / CLOUD NATIVE TECHNOLOGIES. REGIONS COMPANY SIZE JOB FUNCTION. The most prevalent job functions 29% 4% 31% LESS. THAN 9 8%. N. AMERICA AFRICA EUROPE. (446) (58) (475 ). 10-49. 11%. 50-99. 7%. 100-499. 17%. 500-999. 8%. 1000 - 4999 13%. 5000+. 33% 45% | SRE/DEVOPS ENGINEER. 31% | SOFTWARE ARCHITECT. 5% 30% 1% 19% | BACKEND DEVELOPER.

5 C. AMERICA ASIA AUSTRALIA. 18% | DEVOPS MANAGEMENT. (73) (454) & OCEANIA. (21) 16% | FULL-STACK DEVELOPER. 4 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. KUBERNETES HAS CROSSED THE ADOPTION CHASM. TO BECOME A MAINSTREAM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY. According to CNCF's respondents, 96% of organizations other more established tech centers including Europe 96%. are either using or evaluating Kubernetes a record high (69%) and North America (55%). Additionally, 93% of OF ORGANIZATIONS. since our surveys began in 2016. Particularly interesting respondents are currently using, or planning to use, ARE EITHER USING OR. is the regional adoption of Kubernetes in production, with containers in production, echoing 92% in our 2020 SURVEY . EVALUATING KUBERNETES. emerging technology hub Africa (73%) jumping ahead of ARE YOU USING KUBERNETES? Yes, in production Yes, in test poc Not yet, but we are evaluating No Not sure AFRICA AUSTRALIA & OCENIA N. AMERICA. 73% 45% 55%. 16% 42% 30%. 9% 11% 11%.

6 2% 1% 2%. 1% ASIA EUROPE C. AMERICA. 54% 69% 62%. 27% 21% 29%. 14% 6% 5%. 3% 3% 5%. 2% .5%. 5 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. KUBERNETES HAS CROSSED CLOUD NATIVE TECHNOLOGY. USAGE AND AWARENESS. THE ADOPTION CHASM. According to the most recent State of Cloud An interesting trend CNCF has seen develop is Used it in the past 12 months Native Development report , developed the correlation between Kubernetes and large 27% 58%. for CNCF by SlashData, Kubernetes has organizations: respondents from organizations demonstrated impressive growth over the past larger than 5,000 FTEs are far more likely to Heard of it but not sure what it does 12 months with million developers using use Kubernetes than those working at smaller 13% 23%. Kubernetes today. organizations. This is reinforced by findings from SlashData, who found Kubernetes usage This represents a 67% increase from a year ago skyrockets in large companies. Additionally, Aware of it, but not interested / Does not apply when, adjusting for a change in the question Datadog reported that larger companies (500- 23% 35%.)

7 Methodology, there were million Kubernetes 1000 and 1000+) are using Kubernetes more developers worldwide. This group now represents than smaller ones (<500). Never heard of it 31% of all backend developers, an increase of 4 KUBERNETES. percentage points in the last year. 5% 14% CONTAINERS. ( DOCKER CONTAINERS). Kubernetes' ubiquity is also supported by strong evidence from New Relic, which saw a 37% year- on-year increase in Kubernetes adoption based OVERLAP OF KUBERNETES AND CAAS USERS %. on accounts and a 49% year-on-year increase in overall container adoption. Based on these statistics and New Relic's O11y Trends report , Developers using Kubernetes and Caas they believe the rise in adoption of Kubernetes and 46%. 39%. container-based platforms has increased the need for observability maturity amongst organizations Developers using CaaS only looking to gain visibility into their complex Q4 2019. application architectures. 19% 21%. Q2 2019. Developers using Kubernetes only 16% 27%.

8 State of Cloud Native Development, SlashData 6 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. WITH ITS MAINSTREAM STATUS SOLIDIFIED, KUBERNETES IS STARTING TO GO UNDER THE HOOD . Both containers generally and Kubernetes specifically The discrepancies we've been seeing between those seem to be becoming less visible as the technology reporting container use (93%) versus Kubernetes use evolves. It appears that organizations are using (96%) has been growing steadily over the past year . serverless and managed services more intensively than there appears to be a growing void in understanding in the past and users now don't necessarily need to that these technologies are essentially a package deal. know about the underlying container technology. What's fascinating about this is how quickly Kubernetes 79 %. has grown from a niche technology to something so utterly ubiquitous that folks don't even know they are using technologies built on it, as the value for end users has moved up the stack.

9 It's similar to the ubiquity of Linux, which now resides inside so many other platforms and devices: TVs, OF RESPONDENTS. phones, fridges, and even on the Mars rovers. People USE CERTIFIED K8S. tend not to realize all the technology that's underneath. HOSTED PLATFORMS. Chris Aniszczyk, CTO, CNCF. Kubernetes has grown from a niche technology to something utterly ubiquitous Chris Aniszczyk CTO, CNCF. 7 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. KUBERNETES IS STARTING 23% 29% 22%. TO GO UNDER THE HOOD 1809. ASIA (418) EUROPE (521) N. AMERICA (521). 1/3. RESPONDENTS. CNCF saw this trend reflected in part one of our SURVEY results: 79% of respondents use Certified respondents could select 11% 3%. Kubernetes Hosted platforms. Of those, the most popular are Amazon Elastic Container Service more than one platform 12% AUSTRALIA S. & C. AFRICA (215) & OCEANIA (201) AMERICA(52). for Kubernetes (39%), Azure Kubernetes Service (23%), and Azure (AKS) Engine (17%). DOES YOUR ORGANIZATION USE ANY CERTIFIED KUBERNETES INSTALLERS?

10 Scale of circle denotes volume of respondents and platform combined AUSTRALIA NORTH S. & C. AUSTRALIA NORTH S. & C. AFRICA ASIA & OCEANIA EUROPE AMERICA AMERICA AFRICA ASIA & OCEANIA EUROPE AMERICA AMERICA. AKS ENGINE FOR BAIDU CLOUD. 48% 13% 6% 7% 10% 7% 6% 22% 4% 16%. AZURE STACK CONTAINER ENGINE 6%. 10%. ALIBABA CLOUD. 42% 8% 21% 6% 16% BIZMICRO. CONTAINER SERVICE 10% 5% 23% 4% 11%. 12%. 12%. BOCLOUD BEYOND. AMAZON EKS 44% 40% 36% 37% 38% 37% 7% 4% 20% 4% 11%. CONTAINER. 4%. AZURE (AKS) GOOGLE KUBERNETES. 12% 19% 22% 15% 19% 21% 5% 17% 16% 22% 16% 29%. ENGINE ENGINE (GKE). AZURE KUBERNETES. 15% 24% 23% 26% 25% RED HAT OPENSHIFT 16% 13% 8% 8% 19%. SERVICE (AKS) 2%. 15%. 8 ANNUAL SURVEY 2021 CLOUD NATIVE COMPUTING FOUNDATION. 2021. KUBERNETES IS STARTING 31% 29% 5%. TO GO UNDER THE HOOD 618. ASIA (192) EUROPE (178) S. & C. AMERICA. 2/3 (33). RESPONDENTS. Meanwhile, part two of our SURVEY revealed 39% of respondents are using serverless technology respondents could select (similar to 2020), and of those who are, hosted platforms (75%) are the most popular a 24% more than one platform 3% 1% 31%.