Answers and Explanations - nelnetsolutions.com

1 clep is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board,which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this psychology PRACTICE TESTA nswers and Explanations1. The correct answer is (C). Comparativepsychologists look for similarities The correct answer is (D). Industrial andorganizational psychologists work with manage-ment and staff in the world of The correct answer is (A). In naturalisticobservation, the researcher tries to be as incon-spicuous as possible so as not to influence The correct answer is (C).

2 The only way todetermine whether one variable causes another isto do an experiment. In an experiment, one factor(variable) is manipulated while all other vari-ables are held constant. Non-experimentalmethods yield correlational results only. Re-searchers cannot make causal statements fromcorrelational The correct answer is (A). An independentvariable is the variable that experimenterschange while holding all other variables con-stant. In this case, some participants got morealcohol and some got less. Hitting pylons is anoutcome (dependent variable) of the amount ofalcohol consumed.

3 The researchers did notmanipulate individual driving The correct answer is (D). Replicationinvolves repeating a study to determine whetherthe results are supported or whether they oc-curred due to The correct answer is (A). Psychoanalytictheory assumes that the unconscious plays amajor role in human The correct answer is (E). Watson was anextreme The correct answer is (A). All brain cellstransmit The correct answer is (C). The axon terminalbutton at the end of the neuron (nerve cell)communicates with other neurons by secretingneurotransmitters, which cross the synaptic The correct answer is (B).

4 Activity withincells is electrical and operates on the all-or-none principle. Chemicals called neurotransmit-ters communicate information from one neuronto another by drifting across the synaptic The correct answer is (C). The brain andspinal cord make up the central nervous system;all other parts of the body are controlled by theperipheral nervous The correct answer is (D). The thalamusdetermines which messages get sent to thevarious parts of the The correct answer is (A). The limbicsystem is the emotional center of the The correct answer is (B).

5 The sympatheticnervous system arouses the body and activatesthe fight or flight The correct answer is (B). The frontal lobesare responsible for higher thought , 11:34 AM1 Copyright 2004 Peterson'sCLEP is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board,which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this psychology PRACTICE TEST17. The correct answer is (E). Eye color isdetermined by the dominant-recessive a dominant gene is present, it will showup. Both parents have brown eyes, so both have atleast one dominant gene.

6 A child will display arecessive trait when he or she receives a recessivegene from both parents. Therefore, in this case,we know that both parents have one gene forbrown eyes and one recessive gene for blue eyes,which they each gave to their The correct answer is (C). The absolutethreshold is the minimum amount of stimulusenergy required to stimulate a receptor 50 percentof the The correct answer is (B). If our eyes did notquiver, we would eventually no longer noticeobjects in our field of vision because of theprinciple of sensory The correct answer is (E).

7 Rods respond tolight; cones respond to color and The correct answer is (A). Taste is our leastefficient sense, and much of it depends on The correct answer is (B). The semicircularcanals are filled with fluid. Movement of the fluidprovides feedback and helps maintain The correct answer is (A). Similarity refersto a tendency to group similar patterns The correct answer is (A). Binocular visionsupplies information on two characteristics,depth and distance. ( bi means two, as in binocular ). True depth perception requires theuse of both eyes25.

8 The correct answer is (B). Recognition ismost likely to occur if the contexts are The correct answer is (D). An EEG is anelectroencephalogram. It measures the brainwave activity that can distinguish between eachof the stages of The correct answer is (E). Our most vivid,narrative-like dreams occur during REM sleep,characterized by rapid eye movement and awake-like brainwave patterns that will appearon an The correct answer is (A). Sleep walkingoccurs during stage 4 The correct answer is (C). Delirium tremensare a sign of physical withdrawal from alcoholaddiction.

9 The DTs are marked by agitation,tremors, nightmares, and even The correct answer is (E). Cocaine is astimulant. Alcohol, heroin, and barbiturates areall depressants. LSD is a The correct answer is (D). Not everyone canbe hypnotized, but for those who can, hypnosiscan provide remarkable results. Caution shouldbe exercised about accepting the validity ofrecovered memories, and hypnosis remains acontroversial topic in The correct answer is (D). Experientalknowledge, which could have its roots in prin-ciples of learning such as conditioning andreinforcement, underlies much of our The correct answer is (A).

10 Classical condi-tioning involves pairing an unconditionedstimulus (meat, in this case) with a previouslyneutral stimulus (the bell) in order to build up anassociation between the two , 11:34 AM2 Copyright 2004 Peterson'sCLEP is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board,which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this psychology PRACTICE TEST34. The correct answer is (B). In classicalconditioning, the original, unconditioned re-sponse occurs upon presentation of the original,unconditioned The correct answer is (E).