APA Referencing Guide - University of Southern Queensland

1 USQ Library November 2018 1 Compiled by USQ Library Disclaimer: This Guide is accurate at the time of publication (November 2018). For a comprehensive and current version of the APA Referencing style check the USQ Online APA Guide at APA Referencing Guide USQ Library November 2018 2 Contents APA Referencing 3 List of References .. 3 How to cite references within the text of an assignment .. 3 1. Reference List and In-Text Citations Examples .. 5 Books (print and online) .. 5 Journal and newspaper articles .. 11 Web documents and sites .. 18 Other electronic media .. 19 Audiovisual examples .. 27 Legislation and legal authorities .. 32 Unpublished works .. 33 Proceedings and technical reports.

2 35 USQ course materials .. 38 2 Further Information on In-Text Citations .. 41 Paraphrasing .. 41 Quotes .. 44 Images from other sources .. 45 Images with a Creative Commons Licence .. 46 Publication dates .. 46 3 Additional help .. 47 More information and additional guides .. 47 Need additional help applying these guides? .. 47 USQ Library November 2018 3 APA Referencing Style Academic conventions and copyright law require that you acknowledge when you use the ideas of others. In most cases, this means stating which book or journal article is the source of an idea or quotation. This Guide draws from the: American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.)

3 Washington, DC: Author. University policy mandates the use of the APA Style defined by this Referencing Guide . List of References The reference list includes only the sources you have used in any submission. APA Style requires reference lists, not bibliographies. The reference list begins a new page with the centred heading - References Double-space all reference entries.* Reference list entries should be indented half an inch (five to seven spaces) on the second and subsequent lines of the reference list for every entry - a hanging indent is the preferred style. ( entries should begin flush left, and the second and subsequent lines should be indented). Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author as the letters appear ( M, Mac, MacD, Mc).

4 If the list contains more than one item published by the same author(s) in the same year, add lower case letters immediately after the year to distinguish them ( 1983a). If there is no author, the title moves to the author position (filed under the first significant word of the title). If the title in this instance begins with numerals, spell them out. states and territories are abbreviated in the location section of the publication information. For states, use the official two-letter postal service abbreviation ( New York, NY: McGraw-Hill). For locations outside the , spell out the city and country names (Brisbane, Australia; Canberra, Australia; London, England). How to cite references within the text of an assignment In general USQ formatting requires work to be double-spaced including the headings, footnotes, quotations, references and figure captions.

5 Triple- or quadruple- spacing may be applied in special circumstances such as before and after displayed items. Single- or one-and-a-half line spacing is never used except inside tables or figures or as directed. Use the author-date method of citation for quotations (exact words of another author) and paraphrasing (summarising the words and ideas of one or more authors). USQ Library November 2018 4 Note: Page numbers are not included in any in-text citations for paraphrased material in this APA Referencing Guide . Please consult your lecturer and/or your course outline to determine whether you are required to include (or omit) page numbers for paraphrased material. For additional information on In-Text Citations see Section 2.

6 *To assist with printing, reference examples shown in this Guide are single spaced. USQ Library November 2018 5 1. Reference List and In-Text Citations Examples Books (print and online) Type In-text citation Reference list Single author Note: For one author, cite the author name and the year of publication every time the reference occurs. Components: (Author Surname, Year) Examples: The environmental aspects (Calder, 2009) Calder (2009) states that .. Components: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Year). Title (Edition). Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Calder, A. (2009). Compliance for green IT: A pocket Guide . Ely, England: IT Governance. Two authors Note: For two authors, cite both author names and the year of publication every time the reference occurs.

7 Components: (Author Surnames, Year) Examples: The research (Bernstein & Tiegerman, 1989) Bernstein and Tiegerman (1989) have Components: Author A Surname, Author A Initial., & Author B Surname, Author B Initial. (Year). Title (Edition). Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Bernstein, D. K., & Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication disorders in children (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill. USQ Library November 2018 6 Type In-text citation Reference list Three to five authors Note: For three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. In subsequent citations, provide only first author followed by et al. and year of publication. et al. is an abbreviation for et alii which means and others.

8 Components: (Author Surnames, Year) (first citation) (First Author Surname et al., Year) (subsequent citation) Examples: (Curwen, Palmer, & Ruddell, 2000) (first citation) (Curwen et al., 2000) (subsequent citations) Components: Author A Surname, Author A Initial., Author B Surname, Author B Initial., Author C Surname, Author C Initial., Author D Surname, Author D Initial., & Author E Surname, Author E Initial. (Year). Title (Edition). Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Curwen, B., Palmer, S., & Ruddell, P. (2000). Brief cognitive behaviour therapy (Brief Therapies Series). London, England: Sage. USQ Library November 2018 7 Type In-text citation Reference list Six or more authors Note: For six or more authors, cite first author followed by et al.

9 And year of publication. Components (six or more authors): (First Author Surname et al., Year) Examples: (Midgley et al., 2000) Midgley et al. (2000) states that .. Note: List all author names for up to and including seven authors. For books with more than seven authors, give the first six author names, followed by an ellipsis (..) and then the last author. Components (more than seven authors): Author A Surname, Author A Initial., Author B Surname, Author B Initial., Author C Surname, Author C Initial., Author D Surname, Author D Initial., Author E Surname, Author E Initial., Author F Surname, Author F Initial., ..Author (Last) Surname, Author (Last) Initial. (Year). Title (Edition). Place of Publication: Publisher.

10 Example: Midgley, C., Maehr, M. L., Hruda, L., Anderman, E. M., Freeman, K. E., Gheen, M., .. Urdan, T., (2000). Manual for the patterns of adaptive learning scales (PALS). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. Edited books Components: (Editor Surname, Year) Examples: (Roy, 2008) Roy (2008) states that .. Components: Editor Surname, Editor Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title of work, Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Grubb, M., & Neuhoff, K. (Eds.). (2006). Emissions trading & competitiveness: Allocations, incentives and industrial competitiveness under the EU emissions trading scheme. London, England: Earthscan. Roy, M. J. (Ed.). (2006). novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (NATO Security Through Science Series).