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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 577 FIRST EDITION, …

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 577 FIRST edition , october 2004. Welding Inspection and Metallurgy 1 Scope API 577 provides guidance on welding inspection pertaining to fabrication and repair of re nery and chemical plant equipment and piping and to aid the inspector in ful lling their role implementing API 510, API 570, API Std. 653 and API RP 582. API 577 does not require all welds to be inspected or the specific techniques to be used. A welding engineer should be consulted on any critical, specialized or complex welding issues. 2 Reference Codes and Standards Many codes and standards are referenced in API 577 users should always insure they have the most recent revision available or the specific revision dictated by the contract.

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 577 FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 2004 . Welding Inspection and Metallurgy . 1 Scope . API 577 provides guidance on welding inspection pertaining to fabrication and repair of refinery and chemical

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Transcription of API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 577 FIRST EDITION, …

1 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 577 FIRST edition , october 2004. Welding Inspection and Metallurgy 1 Scope API 577 provides guidance on welding inspection pertaining to fabrication and repair of re nery and chemical plant equipment and piping and to aid the inspector in ful lling their role implementing API 510, API 570, API Std. 653 and API RP 582. API 577 does not require all welds to be inspected or the specific techniques to be used. A welding engineer should be consulted on any critical, specialized or complex welding issues. 2 Reference Codes and Standards Many codes and standards are referenced in API 577 users should always insure they have the most recent revision available or the specific revision dictated by the contract.

2 API Documents API 510- Pressure Vessel Inspection Code API 577- Piping Inspection Code API RP 578- Material Veri cation Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems API RP 582- RECOMMENDED PRACTICE , Supplementary Welding Guidelines for Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries API Std. 570- Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage API Std. 653- Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction API Publ. 2201- Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service ASME Documents Process Piping BPV Code Section V, Nondestructive Examination BPV Code Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels BPV Code Section IX, Quali cation Standard for Welding and Brazing (WPS, BPS, Welder, Brazer, Operator).

3 ASNT Documents ACCP- Central Certification Program ASNT-TC-1A- Personnel Quali cation and Certi cation in Nondestructive Testing ASNT-CP-189- Standard for Quali cation and Certi cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel AWS Documents AWS Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination AWS Standard Welding Terms and De nitions AWS thru Series of Filler Metal Speci cations AWS Guide for the Nondestructive Inspection of Welds Other documents are RECOMMENDED for study 3 Terms and De nitions The following de nitions apply for the purposes of this publication: Actual throat: The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a llet weld.

4 Air carbon arc cutting (CAC-A): A carbon arc cut-ting process variation that removes molten metal with a jet of air. Arc blow: The de ection of an arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces. Arc length: The distance from the tip of the welding electrode to the adjacent surface of the weld pool. Arc strike: A discontinuity resulting from an arc, consisting of any localized re-melted metal, heat-affected metal, or change in the surface pro le of any metal object. Arc welding (AW): A group of welding processes that produces coalescence of work pieces by heating them with an arc.

5 The processes are used with or without the application of pressure and with or without ller metal. Autogenous weld: A fusion weld made without ller metal. Back-gouging: The removal of weld metal and base metal from the weld root side of a welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration upon subsequent welding from that side. Backing: A material or device placed against the back-side of the joint, or at both sides of a weld in welding, to sup-port and retain molten weld metal. Base metal: The metal or alloy that is welded or cut. Bevel angle: The angle between the bevel of a joint member and a plane perpendicular to the surface of the member.

6 Burn-through: A non-standard term for excessive visible root reinforcement in a joint welded from one side or a hole through the root bead. Also, a common term used to re ect the act of penetrating a thin component with the welding arc while hot tap welding or in-service welding. Constant current power supply: An arc welding power source with a volt-ampere relationship yielding a small welding current change from a large arc voltage change. (SMAW/GTAW). Constant voltage power supply: An arc welding power source with a volt-ampere relationship yielding a large welding current change from a small voltage change.

7 (GMAW/FCAW). Crack: A fracture type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length and width to opening dis- placement. Defect: A discontinuity or discontinuities that by nature or accumulated effect (for example total crack length). render a part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or speci cations. The term designates rejectability. Direct current electrode negative (DCEN): The arrangement of direct current arc welding leads in which the electrode is the negative pole and workpiece is the positive pole of the welding arc. Commonly known as straight polarity.

8 Direct current electrode positive (DCEP): The arrangement of direct current arc welding leads in which the electrode is the positive pole and the workpiece is the negative pole of the welding arc. Commonly known as reverse polarity. Discontinuity: An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such as a lack of homogeneity in its mechanical, metallurgical, or physical characteristics. A dis-continuity is not necessarily a defect. Distortion: The change in shape or dimensions, temporary or permanent, of a part as a result of heating or welding. Filler metal: The metal or alloy to be added in making a welded joint.

9 Fillet weld size: For equal leg llet welds, the leg lengths of the largest isosceles right triangle that can be inscribed within the llet weld cross section. Fusion line: A non-standard term for weld interface. Groove angle: The total included angle of the groove between workpieces. Heat affected zone (HAZ): The portion of the base metal whose mechanical properties or microstructure have been altered by the heat of welding or thermal cutting. Heat input: the energy supplied by the welding arc to the workpiece. Heat input is calculated as follows: heat input = (V i)/60v, where V = voltage, i = amperage, v =weld travel speed ( ).

10 Hot cracking: Cracking formed at temperatures near the completion of solidi cation. Inclusion: Entrapped foreign solid material, such as slag, ux, tungsten, or oxide. Incomplete fusion: A weld discontinuity in which complete coalescence did not occur between weld metal and fusion faces or adjoining weld beads. Incomplete joint penetration: A joint root condition in a groove weld in which weld metal does not extend through the joint thickness. Inspector: An individual who is quali ed and certi ed to perform inspections under the proper inspection code or who holds a valid and current National Board Commission.


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