APPENDIX A SECTION A-1-GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS

1 APPENDIX A. SECTION A-1-GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS . Introduction .. A-1. Flexibility In DESIGN .. A-1. Secondary Project Improvements .. A-2. Roadway Width .. A-3. DESIGN Speed (V) .. A-3. Operating Speed .. A-7. Posted Speed .. A-7. DESIGN Vehicle .. A-8. DESIGN Waivers .. A-8. DESIGN A-9. Functional A-9. Lane/Shoulder/Pavement Transitions, Merging Tapers & Speed Change Lengths .. A-11. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Rural Principal Arterial System (GS-1) .. A-12. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Rural Minor Arterial System (GS-2).. A-13. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Rural Collector Road System (GS-3).

2 A-14. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Rural Local Road System (GS-4) .. A-15. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Urban Principal Arterial System (GS-5).. A-16. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Urban Minor Arterial Street System (GS-6) .. A-17. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Urban Collector Street System (GS-7) .. A-18. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Urban Local Street System (GS-8) .. A-19. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Service Roads (GS-9) .. A-20. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Interchange Ramps (GS-R) .. A-21. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Temporary Diversion (GS-10) .. A-22. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Shoulder DESIGN (GS-11).

3 A-23. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Shoulder DESIGN For Local Road & Streets (GS-12) .. A-24. geometric DESIGN STANDARDS For Graded Median DESIGN (GS-13) .. A-25. SECTION A-2-CLEAR ZONE/LATERAL OFFSET GUIDELINES. Introduction .. A-26. Roadways With Shoulders .. A-26. Roadways With A-27. Clear Zone Cost-Effectiveness Analysis .. A-31. Embankment Slopes .. A-32. Horizontal Curve Adjustments .. A-33. Showing Clear Zones/ Lateral Offsets On Typical Sections .. A-34. Non-Recoverable Parallel Slopes .. A-35. SECTION A-3- INNOVATIVE INTERSECTION AND INTERCHANGE DESIGN GUIDELINES. Current VDOT Innovative Intersection and Interchange Control A-38.

4 Innovative Intersection DESIGN Guidelines .. A-39. Displaced Left-Turn Intersection (DLT) .. A-39. Median U-Turn Intersection (MUT) .. A-40. Restricted Crossing U-Turn Intersection (RCUT) .. A-41. Continuous Green-T (CGT) .. A-42. Quadrant Roadway Intersection (QR) .. A-43. Quadrant Roadway Intersection .. A-44. Jug-Handle .. A-45. Roundabouts .. A-46. Mini-Roundabouts .. A-49. Single-Lane Roundabouts .. A-51. Multi-Lane Roundabouts .. A-52. geometric DESIGN Criteria For Single-Lane And Multi-Lane Roundabouts .. A-53. Bicycle and Pedestrian Accommodations .. A-56. DESIGN Resources .. A-57. The Review and Approval Process For Roundabouts.

5 A-57. Innovative Interchange DESIGN Guidelines .. A-59. Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) .. A-60. Single Point Urban Interchange (SPUI) .. A-78. Double Roundabout Interchange .. A-79. SECTION A-4-GUIDELINES FOR RRR PROJECTS. Objective .. A-80. Authority .. A-81. Definitions .. A-81. Project Selection .. A-82. Eligibility .. A-82. Accident Records .. A-83. Bridge Rehabilitation or Replacement Selection Policy .. A-83. Environmental Considerations .. A-84. Access Control .. A-84. Project Development .. A-84. Roadway and Travelway Widths .. A-84. DESIGN Traffic Volumes .. A-85. DESIGN Speed.

6 A-85. Terrain .. A-86. Safety .. A-86. geometric DESIGN Criteria .. A-89. Clear Zones and Slopes .. A-90. Grades .. A-90. Crest Vertical Curves .. A-90. Sag Vertical A-90. Stopping Sight Distances .. A-91. Horizontal Curves .. A-91. Pavement Cross A-92. Superelevation Requirements .. A-92. Pavement Edge Drop .. A-92. Intersections .. A-92. DESIGN A-93. Planning Drainage DESIGN Elements .. A-93. Replacement or Rehabilitation of Drainage Elements .. A-93. Hydraulic A-94. Safety Improvements Relative To Drainage DESIGN .. A-95. Bridge A-95. Bridge Rehabilitation .. A-95. Culvert Replacement.

7 A-96. Culvert Rehabilitation .. A-96. Culvert Extensions .. A-97. Signing, Signals and Pavement Markings .. A-97. Plan Reviews .. A-97. Public Involvement .. A-98. Right of A-98. Utilities (Underground and Overhead) .. A-98. Tort Liability and geometric DESIGN .. A-98. Background On Tort Liability .. A-99. RRR Improvements and Tort A-99. Susceptibility of RRR Projects and STANDARDS To Tort Claims .. A-99. Defense of A RRR Project DESIGN .. A-100. RRR Notes On Project Title Sheet .. A-101. Preventive Maintenance (PM) Projects/RRR Projects Utilizing Federal Funding On National Highway System (NHS) Roadways.

8 A-101. SECTION A-5-BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN FACILITY GUIDELINES. VDOT Policy To Improve Bicycle and Pedestrian Access .. A-106. Planning and DESIGN of Bicycle Facilities .. A-111. Bicycle Access Facilities .. A-111. Existing Roads .. A-112. Major Developments and Site Plans .. A-112. Selecting Roadway DESIGN Treatments To Accommodate Bicycles .. A-113. VDOT/AASHTO DESIGN A-121. Shared Roadways .. A-122. Signed Shared Roadways .. A-124. Bike Lanes .. A-124. Separated Bike Lanes .. A-127. Shared Use Paths .. A-127. AASHTO Approved Interstate Bicycle A-145. Resources .. A-145. Trails and Trailheads.

9 A-147. Rails With Trails .. A-150. Curb Ramp and Pedestrian Access Route Goals and Objectives .. A-152. Curb Ramps .. A-152. Miscellaneous Notes .. A-153. Guidelines For Curb Ramp Locations .. A-153. Procedure For Determining The Location and DESIGN of Curb Ramps .. A-154. Curb Ramp Elements and Types .. A-155. A-155. Landing .. A-155. Flare .. A-155. Perpendicular Curb Ramp (CG-12, Type A).. A-156. Parallel Curb Ramp (CG-12, Type B) .. A-157. Combined (Parallel & Perpendicular) Curb Ramp (CG-12, Type C) .. A-158. Curb Ramp Application Details .. A-159. Diagonal Curb Ramp .. A-160. Pedestrian Access Route.

10 A-165. New Construction .. A-165. Technically Infeasible .. A-165. Alterations .. A-166. Guidelines For Alterations .. A-167. Alteration (Retrofit) CG-12 Into Existing Curb and Gutter and/or Sidewalk Locations .. A-168. Public Right of Way .. A-172. Buffer Strip .. A-172. Sidewalks .. A-173. Hand Rail Requirements ..A-174. Sidewalk Transition From Roadway Onto Bridge .. A-179. SECTION A-6 AIRPORT CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS. Associated City Public-Use Airport .. A-180. SECTION A-7-"NO PLAN" AND "MINIMUM PLAN" PROJECTS. General Concepts .. A-184. Public Hearing and Right of Way .. A-185. Special DESIGN Structures, Soil Survey and Pavement DESIGN .