APPENDIX A8 - wictg.co.uk

1 Specification for the reinstatement of Openings in Highways Second Edition112 APPENDIX A8 Compaction Granular, Cohesive and Cement Bound MaterialsAll graded granular, granular, cohesive/granular, cohesive and cement bound materials laidabove the surround to apparatus shall be compacted in accordance with Table Chalk MaterialsAll chalk materials, including medium and high-density chalks shall be compacted inaccordance with Table However, if the chalk is unstable after compaction, theunstable material shall be removed and replaced with fresh material. Fresh chalk shall becompacted in accordance with Table , except that the specified number of compactionpasses shall be reduced by one pass. If the chalk is still unstable after compaction, it shallbe deemed to be unsuitable for use as backfill and replaced with suitable Requirements for Granular, Cohesive and Cement BoundMaterialsCohesive MaterialGranular MaterialCompaction Plant(less than 20% granular content)(20% or more granular contentandincluding cement bound material)

2 Weight CategoryMinimum Passes/LiftMinimum Passes/Liftfor compacted lift thickness up tofor compacted lift thickness up to100 mm150 mm200 mm100 mm150 mm 200 mmVibrotamper50 kg minimum48 #NP48 NPVibrating RollerSingle Drum1000-2000 kg/m8 NPNP6 NPNP2000-3500 kg/m36NP357 Over 3500 kg/m346 #346 Twin Drum600-1000 kg/mNPNPNP6 NPNP1000-2000 kg/m48NP36 NPOver 2000 kg/m235 #234 Vibrating Plate1400-1800 kg/m2 NPNPNP5 NPNPOver 1800 kg/m236NP357 All Above PlantFor Maximum and Minimum compacted lift thicknessSee APPENDIX , Table Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access(including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width)Vibrotamper25 kg minimumMinimum of 6 compaction passesPercussive RammerMaximum of 100 mm compacted lift thickness10 kg minimumNotes:1NP= Not Permitted 2# = Not permitted on wholly cohesive material clay and/or silt with no particles > 75 micron ( m)3 Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum4 Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drumsCompaction Bituminous MixturesAll bituminous mixtures permitted in APPENDIX A2 shall be compacted to the followingrequirements:1) Mixtures laid within any reinstatement as follows:a) reinstatement of 250 mm width or less;b) reinstatement within 250 mm of the edge of any other reinstatement .

3 Orc) reinstatement within 250 mm of a fixed feature within any reinstatement shall becompacted in accordance with Table ) Compaction should be discontinued if the mixture shows any signs of distress, regardlessof whether the minimum number of passes required by Table have been applied; seeSection Requirements for Chalk MaterialsChalk MaterialCompaction PlantMinimum Passes/Liftandfor compacted lift thickness up toWeight Category100 mm150 mm200 mmVibrotamper50 kg minimum36 NPVibrating RollerSingle Drum1000 2000 kg/m68NP2000 3500 kg/mNP46 Over 3500 kg/mNPNP4 Twin Drum600 1000 kg/m68NP1000 2000 kg/m246 Over 2000 kg/mNP34 Vibrating Plate1400 1800 1800 Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access(including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width)Vibrotamper25 kg minimumMinimum of 6 compaction passesPercussive RammerMaximum of 100 mm compacted lift thickness10 kg minimumNotes.

4 1NP= Not Permitted 2 Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum3 Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drumsSpecification for the reinstatement of Openings in Highways Second Edition1143) Mixtures laid in all other locations shall be compacted to the in-situ air voidrequirements of Section However, material requirements and laying conditions areunchanged and it will be necessary for compaction to be carried out to a procedure that iscapable of achieving the in-situ air void content Requirements for Bituminous MixturesCompaction PlantBituminous MixturesandMinimum Passes/LiftWeight Categoryfor compacted lift thickness up to40 mm60 mm80 mm100 mmVibrotamper50 kg minimum5 #7 #NPNPV ibrating RollerSingle Drum1000 2000 kg/m6 NPNPNP2000 3500 kg/m578 NPOver 3500 kg/m467 NPTwin Drum600 1000 kg/m57 NPNP1000 2000 kg/m4568 Over 2000 kg/m3446 Vibrating Plate1400 1800 kg/m26 NPNPNPOver 1800 kg/m23568 All Above PlantFor Maximum and Minimum compacted lift thicknessSee APPENDIX .

5 Table Compaction Plant for Areas of Restricted Access(including small excavations and trenches less than 200 mm width)Vibrotamper25 kg minimumMinimum of 6 compaction passesPercussive RammerMaximum of 75 mm compacted lift thickness10 kg minimumNotes:1NP= Not Permitted 2 # = Vibrotamper not permitted on permanent surface course of trenches >500 mm width3 Twin drum vibrating rollers are preferred for compaction of bituminous mixtures4 Single drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on only one drum5 Twin drum vibrating rollers are vibrating rollers providing vibration on two separate drums115 APPENDIX A9 Alternative reinstatement Materials (ARMs) Introduction1) New or alternative materials have been, or may be, developed for use in highwayconstruction and maintenance. These materials may allow more rapid, reliable and cost-effective reinstatements, with less dependence on the skill and physical effort of theoperators.

6 These materials may also offer significant environmental or practicaladvantages, and/or cost benefits, compared with conventional materials, including variouscombinations of the following:a) Reduced usage of virgin materials, by including recycled or secondary materialsb) Lower energy requirements during manufacture and/or layingc) Reduced landfill requirements during construction or reconstructiond) Self-cementing properties to improve performance, reliability of laying and compactione) Self-levelling or flowable, to avoid or reduce the need for compactionf) May be placed in fewer lifts2) These materials are termed Alternative reinstatement Materials (ARMs), and arecategorised by this Specification into two generic groups:a)Structural Materials for Reinstatements (SMRs)This generic group is intended to include proprietary or alternative bound reinstatementmaterials that include a cementitious, chemical or hydraulic binder or are inherently self-cementing.

7 SMRs are categorised as follows:i)Foamed Concretes for Reinstatements (FCRs)These are cement-bound materials that have been prepared off-site, generally as prescribed mixes, at an approved mixing plant and under appropriate qualitycontrol procedures. They are flowable in nature and should not require compactionwhen placed. Materials manufactured under these conditions, and any foamedconcretes conforming to Clause 1043 of the SHW are deemed to be approved foruse as ARMs. FCRs may not necessarily incorporate a coarse )Flowable SMRs (FSMRs)These materials comprise any type and/or combination of aggregates and are flowable mixes that should not normally require compaction, and arecapable of achieving strengths equivalent to FCRs. These materials may only beused on a trial basis by prior for the reinstatement of Openings in Highways Second Edition116iii)Non-flowable SMRs (NFSMRs)These materials comprise any type and/or combination of aggregates and are non-flowable mixes that will normally require compaction on site, and arecapable of achieving strengths equivalent to FCRs in their compacted state.

8 Thesematerials may only be used on a trial basis by prior )Stabilised Materials for Fills (SMFs)This generic group is intended to include materials derived from excavated spoil, virgin,secondary or recycled materials, or any combination thereof, that have been improved byre-processing, re-grading and/or by the inclusion of a cementitious, chemical or hydraulicbinder. SMFs are generally non-flowable and shall therefore normally require materials may only be used on a trial basis by prior General Requirements for ARMs1) With the exception of FCRs as described in (a) (i) above, (which are deemed tobe approved for use), ARMs shall only be used with the prior agreement of the Undertakerand the Authority on an approved trial basis. An outline of a trial procedure scheme isdescribed in ) ARMs shall be prepared and installed in accordance with the approved mixformulations and procedures proven by prior development and ) Alterations to the proven mix formulations, mix proportions, aggregate type,admixtures, etc.

9 Shall not be undertaken without confirmation of their suitability, obtainedby further development and testing. The approval of the Authority is required prior to theuse of any ARM whose formulation has been changed. 4) ARMs used within 450 mm of the road surface shall be non-frost susceptible subject tothe exceptions referred to in ) Where the Authority is aware of areas with drainage or groundwater problems, it shouldnotify the Undertaker. Following such notification the Undertaker shall provide, at backfilland sub-base levels within reinstatements, ARMs that are permeable to a degree not lessthan the surrounding ground. A backfill layer of single size aggregate 6 mm nominal size,of 100 mm minimum thickness and surrounded by a geotextile filter fabric whereappropriate, may by considered to offer equivalent drainage ) Where the Authority is aware of any site where high sulphate levels are known to occur,it should notify the Undertaker.

10 Following such notification, any Ordinary PortlandCement based binders in the ARMs shall be replaced with sulphate resistant PortlandCement based reinstatement Materials (ARMs)1177) Surfacing materials shall not be reinstated until the ARM has attained sufficientstrength to allow adequate compaction of bituminous materials and to sustain adequatetraffic loading. A simple penetration or indentation test is recommended to allowconfirmation of adequate strength prior to surfacing. Any appropriate standardised testprocedure may be used and, with prior experience, will indicate the earliest time at whichsurfacing should be carried ) Fluid ARMs may flow into damaged drainage or ducting within, or adjacent to, theexcavation. Where required, plastic sheeting etc. may provide adequate protection duringpouring and Materials for Reinstatements (SMRs) Permitted Uses of SMRs1) SMRs may be used on a trial basis, by prior agreement, in any combination of thefollowing, regardless of the nature of reinstatement materials used above and below.