Application of the New FRI Valve Tray Efficiency …

1 Application of the New FRI Valve Tray Efficiency model in Column simulation and Design 2013 AIChE Spring Meeting San AntonioRoss Taylor - Clarkson UniversityAttilio J. Praderio - ConocoPhillips - LNG TechnologySpecial thanks to FRIMike ResetaritsAnand VennavelliThis Presentation:1. Background Efficiency concepts through the years2. Bubble Geometry Efficiency Models (Bubble GEMs)3. Implementation of FRI model in ChemSep4. Applications of the FRI Model5. Concluding RemarksMass transferEquipment designComputational methodPhase equilibriumSummation equationsEnergy balancesMass balancesEfficiency ConceptsEfficiency Concepts Rigorous model (Equilibrium stage)Overall Efficiency (Lewis)1900 Fluid flow modelMurphreeHausenGeneralized Hausen (Standart)O'ConnellLewis CasesAIChE method2000 Geometric (Baur)Bubble GEMsVaporization (McAdams) ?The concept of the theoretical plate does not offer a satisfactory basis for calculation of rectifying columns when the mixture .. contains more than two Murphree (1925) == ,*Actual compositionchangeEquilibrium compositionchangeiLMViyEyrelative volatility between keysliquid viscosity in cP ()OE = O'Connell CorrelationO'Connell 'Connell ParameterEfficiency190020001942R.

2 L. GeddesE. Kaltenbacher194019802000H. HoferM. Prado and Syeda et Lockett and T. Garcia and Carey ( Thesis, 1930)Bubble Geometry Efficiency Models: MilestonesBubble Geometry Efficiency Models: Lockett and T. PlakaFroth RegimeSpray RegimeZone IZone IIHeightSmall bubble diameterDiameterLarge bubble diameterSmall bubble rise velocityLarge bubble rise velocityFraction small bubblesBubble Geometry Efficiency Models: PhysicsBubble Geometry Efficiency Models: Physics1. FRI Test System I: nC4 iC4 C3 @ 165 psia2. FRI Test System II: o-Xylene p-Xylene @ 20 mm Hg3. Industrial Case Study I: C4 splitter4. Industrial Case Study II: Dehexanizer5. Design Case Study: BTX columnCase StudiesCase StudiesThe FRI ColumnThe FRI ColumnT. Yanagi, FRI Topical Report 041, 1967,Glitsch V-0 Ballast Tray, Available from Oklahoma State University Special Collections and University the FRI Column in ChemSepModeling the FRI Column in ChemSepModeling the FRI Column in ChemSepModeling the FRI Column in ChemSepTray Type Glitsch Ballast TrayValves114 V-0 unitsTray spacing 24 inWeir length 37 inWeir inDowncomer Area ft2 TR 041 SimulationCondenser Duty (MM Btu/h) Duty (MM Btu/h) Efficiency (%) 4 liquid density (lb/ft3)Tray 4 vapor density (lb/ft3)FRI Test 9276: n-C4 iC4 C3 @ 165 psia FRI Test 9276: n-C4 iC4 C3 @ 165 psia T.

3 Yanagi, FRI Topical Report 041, 1967,Glitsch V-0 Ballast Tray, Available from Oklahoma State University Special Collections and University and temperature profiles with FRI tray Efficiency mole fraction 1001101201301401501601701801902001234567 89101112 Temperature (F) Wet Tray EfficiencyFRI Point EfficiencyAIChE Dry Tray EfficiencyAIChE Point EfficiencyO'Connell ParameterEfficiency100105110115120125130 13514014515012345678 Temperature (F) mole fraction Tray Type Koch Flexitray Type TValves167 double weightTray spacing 24 inWeir length 30 inWeir inDowncomer Area ft2 TR 044 SimulationCondenser Duty (MM Btu/h) Duty (MM Btu/h) Efficiency (%) 2 liquid density (lb/ft3)Tray 2 vapor density (lb/ft3)FRI Test 9346: o-Xylene p-Xylene @ 20 mmHg FRI Test 9346: o-Xylene p-Xylene @ 20 mmHg M. Sakata, FRI Topical Report 044, 1968,Tests of the Koch Type T Flexitray in High VacuumFractionation, Available from Oklahoma State University Special Collections and University and temperature profiles with FRI tray Efficiency Wet Tray EfficiencyFRI Point EfficiencyAIChE Dry Tray EfficiencyAIChE Point EfficiencyO'Connell Wet Tray EfficiencyFRI Point EfficiencyAIChE DryTray EfficiencyAIChE Point EfficiencyO'Connell Wet Tray EfficiencyFRI Point EfficiencyAIChE Point EfficiencyAIChE DryTray EfficiencyEfficiencyTrayC4 SplitterC4 Klemola and J.

4 Ilme: Distillation Efficiencies of an Industrial-Scale i-Butane/n-Butane FractionatorInd. Eng. Chem. Res. 1996, 35, Type 74 Two-pass Ballast traysValves772 V-1 Tray spacing 600 mmColumn mFlowpath m per passWeir m, mWeir height51 mmDowncomer Area 2 x m2 26,234 n-butane18,119 n-butane8,115 kPa92,838 kg/hTypeValue(%)NTU ModelThermoSourceOverall111 SRKIlme thesisOverall119 UNIFACK lemola + IlmeOverall114 PRTaylor and KooijmanPoint75-82 AIChEUNIFACK lemola + IlmePoint81-85 AIChESRKThis workPoint66-75 FRISRKThis workTray115-120 AIChEUNIFACK lemola + IlmeDry Tray115-137 AIChESRKThis workWet Tray93-101 FRISRKThis workK. Jakobsson, J. Aittamaa, K. Keskinen, J. Ilme, Plate Efficiencies of Industrial Scale Dehexaniser, International Conference on Distillation & Absorption, Kongresshaus, Baden-Baden, Germany30 September 2 October 2002 Tray Type 40 Nye Type Valve TraysTray spacing 600 mmColumn mFlowpath m per passWeir mWeir height57 mmActive Area m2 Downcomer Area m2 283,839 2-methylhexane69,768 kPa95,409 kPa214,071 2-methylhexaneTypeValue(%)NTU ModelThermoSourcePoint75-85 Chan + FairSRKJ akobsson et workTray85-110 Chan + FairSRKJ akobsson et workDesign Case Study: BTX ColumnDesign Case Study: BTX ColumnB: ~0T: : : : : kmol/s54 Valve m diameterKoch Kx-9-u kmol/sB: : : ~0B: : : ~0B: : : and Ashton, Chem.

5 Eng. J., 1977 DataSimulationB: : : kmol/s54 Valve m diameterKoch Kx-9-u valvesBiddulph and Ashton, Chem. Eng. J., 1977 Tray design produced by model used only for Efficiency , not for tray Case Study: BTX ColumnDesign Case Study: BTX ColumnConcluding Remarks and Proposed Next Steps1. Bubble GEMs are comprehensive models of tray Efficiency that separate the contributions to mass transfer from jetting and different bubble populations. This separation permits the systematic exploration of mass transfer in different flow FRI Valve tray Efficiency model is complete (in that the model is self-contained).3. FRI model was implemented as an added model for Tests of the ChemSep implementation show very good match with FRI distillation data at total Tentative: Simulations of some commercial scale processes suggest that the FRI model is not able to match the observed overall efficiencies so well. 6. FRI model can be used at the design FRI model should be extended to sieve Column profile data for operations not at total reflux would be Geometry Efficiency Models: ReferencesGeddes, (Local Efficiencies of Bubble Plate Fractionators, Trans.)

6 AIChE, XLII, 79-105, 1946)Kaltenbacher, E., On the Effect of the Bubble Size Distribution and the Gas Phase Diffusion on the Selectivity of Sieve Trays,Chem. Eng. Fundam., 1, 47-68 (1982)Hofer, H., Influence of Gas-phase Dispersion on Plate Column Efficiency , Ger. Chem. Eng., 6, 113-118 (1983)Lockett, M. J. and Plaka, T., Effect of Non-Uniform Bubbles in the Froth on the Correlation and Prediction of Point Efficiencies, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 61, 119-124 (1983)Lockett, M. J., Distillation Tray Fundamentals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England (1986)Krishna, R., model for Prediction of Point Efficiencies for Multicomponent Distillation,Chem. Des., 63, 312-322 (1985)Prado, M. and Fair, J. R., Fundamental model for the Prediction of Sieve Tray Efficiency ,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 1031-1042 (1990)Garcia, J. A., and Fair, J. R. A Fundamental model for the Prediction of Distillation Sieve Tray Efficiency . 2. model Development and Validation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

7 , 39, 1818 (2000)Syeda, , Afacan, A. & Chuang, A Fundamental model for Prediction of Sieve Tray Efficiency , Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 85(A2): 269 277 (2007)Vennavelli, , Whitely, & Resetarits, New Fraction Jetting model for Distillation Sieve Tray Efficiency Prediction, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 11458-11462 (2012)