Army Airspace Command and Control in a Combat …

1 FM 3-52 (FM 100-103) army AirspaceCommand and Controlin a Combat ZoneAUGUST 2002 HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYDISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is *This publication supersedes FM 100-103, dated 7 October *FM 3-52 (FM 100-103)Field ManualHeadquartersNo. 3-52 Department of the ArmyWashington, DC, 1 August 2002 army Airspace Command and Control in aCombat vChapter 1 Airspace Control and Airspace Control Systems and Organizations: Control in a Combat Zone ..1-1 Considerations of Joint Airspace Air-Ground System ..1-7 Key Component Liaisons Within TAGS ..1-16 Key Positions and Responsibilities ..1-17 Key Documents ..1-19 Chapter 2 army Airspace Command and Control System Overview ..2-1A2C2 Activities ..2-3A2C2 Functional Operations ..2-4 Command and Control 3 army Airspace Command and Control Functional and Levels ..3-1 Liaisons ..3-7 Staff Tasks.

2 3-11 Chapter 4 Airspace Control of Airspace 3-52iiProcedural Airspace Control 4-2 Fire Support Coordinating 4-9 Deconfliction Methods .. 4-12 Special Airspace 4-13 Chapter 5 army Airspace Command and Control 5-0A2C2 System .. 5-0 Digital Message Formats .. 5-1 Tactical Digital Information 5-1 Subsystems Descriptions .. 5-3 Connectivity at Echelons Above Corps .. 5-14 Connectivity at 5-15 Connectivity at 5-15 Connectivity at Echelons Below 5-16 Interim Brigade Combat Team .. 5-16 Appendix AMessages, Reports, and Message Formats ..A-1 USMTF A2C2 Voice Templates ..A-2 USMTF and VMF Record Templates ..A-3 army Battle Command System Overlays ..A-13 army Battle Command System Data List ..A-15 Appendix BArmy Airspace Command and Control Staff Tasks ..B-1A2C2 Information CTactical Airspace Integration Objectives ..C-0 System Functions ..C-4 TAIS Digital C-13 TAIS Messaging .. C-15 USMTF and VMF Titles .. Index-0iiiFiguresFigurePage1-1.

3 Theater Air-Ground System (Notional) ..1-81-2. Air Force Theater Air Control System ..1-91-3. Navy Composite Warfare Commander Amphibious Tactical Air Control System ..1-111-5. Marine Air Command and Control System ..1-131-6. army Air-Ground Corps A2C2 Division A2C2 Coordinating Altitude ..4-34-2. Minimum-Risk Route ..4-44-3. Restricted Operations Area ..4-44-4. High-Density Airspace Control Zone ..4-54-5. Standard Use army Aircraft Flight Routes ..4-64-6. Air Corridor and Axis of Advance ..4-74-7. Base Defense Weapons Free Formal Airspace Coordination Area ..4-11ivTablesTablePageA-1. ABCS Message and Report Matrix, Part 1 ..A-3A-1. ABCS Message and Report Matrix, Part 2 ..A-5A-2. army Battle Command System Overlays ..A-13A-3. army Battle Command System Data List ..A-15B-1. Staff Tasks for A2C2 ..B-1B-2. BCD Vertical Information Networking ..B-6B-3. Corps A2C2 Element Lateral Information Corps A2C2 Element Vertical Information Division A2C2 Element Lateral Information Division A2C2 Element Vertical Information Brigade Staff Lateral Information Brigade Staff Vertical Information Battalion Staff Vertical Information Networking.

4 B-18C-1. Communication Links ..C-14C-2. Messages Used by TAIS ..C-16C-3. USMTF and VMF age developments coupled with a revolution in military technology haveprofoundly influenced the depth, breadth, and height of the battlespace. In today soperational environment, capabilities of friendly and enemy forces to acquire anddominate each other by fires and maneuver are maximized by effectively using theelectromagnetic spectrum. Exponential improvements of targeting capabilities occuralmost daily in our technological age. Although extending the battlespace hasevolved throughout the history of warfare, space and airborne platforms haveimproved the commander s capabilities to visualize the battlespace, target theenemy, and process and distribute information beyond any twentieth century expec-tations. Twenty-first century technologies have placed increasing demands on usingairspace. Airspace has become a crucial resource that the Combat commander mustmanage efficiently with increasing numbers and types of Airspace Airspace Command and Control (A2C2) is the army 's application ofairspace Control to coordinate Airspace users for concurrent employmentin the accomplishment of assigned missions.

5 It provides the necessary com-mand and Control structure for the effective use of Airspace . This field manualdescribes the doctrinal principles and fundamentals for organizing, planning, andusing Airspace . Beginning with the fundamentals of Airspace management at thejoint level and working through A2C2 management at each echelon of Command ,this manual is both a primer for Airspace users and a primary reference for A2C2staff planners. This manual provides the guidance to integrate, coordinate, synch-ronize, and regulate the army s use of Airspace . It focuses on how the army usesairspace in planning and executing the commander s intent. Coordinating and integrating the use of the Airspace is a force multiplier; it ensuresthat all battlefield operating systems are available to positively impact the courseof the battle. Additionally, effective Airspace management and Control enhances forceprotection measures, minimizes the risk of fratricide to Airspace users and groundcombat units, and increases overall force proponent for this publication is Headquarters, US army Training and DoctrineCommand (HQ, TRADOC).

6 Submit changes for improvements on DA Form 2028directly to the Commander, army Combined Arms Center (CAC), ATTN: ATZL-SWW, Fort Leavenworth, KS this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not referexclusively to use the new field manual numbering system. The bibliography listsfield manuals by new number followed by old references to the joint air operations center (JAOC) apply to the integratedcombined air operations center or the combined air operations terms apply to A2C2. This publication uses the joint defintion of tactical picture (CTP) is a term used by material developers. CTP as usedin this publication refers to the common operational picture. Combat zone as usedin this publication applies to the broadest interpretation of areas where combatFM 3-52viforces are required to conduct operations, including military operations other thanwar. The army Battle Command System (ABCS) software packages are capabilities described in this manual may not reflect actual capabilities avail-able on the user s glossary lists most terms used in FM 3-52 that have joint or army for which FM 3-52 will become the proponent manual (the authority) whenit is published are indicated with an asterisk.

7 Definitions for which FM 3-52 will bethe proponent manual are printed in boldface in the text. Other definitions are notprinted in boldface. See JP 1-02 for complete joint definitions and FM 1-02 for com-plete army glossary contains definitions for acronyms and terms not defined in JP 1-02 orFM 1-02. It does not list acronyms and abbreviations that are included only forclarity or appear only in a figure and are listed in the legend for that figure. Somecommon abbreviations and acronyms are not spelled out; refer to the zone as used in this publication applies to the broadest interpretation ofareas where Combat forces are required to conduct operations, includingoperations other than Control in a Combat Zone ..1-1 Considerations of Joint Airspace Control ..1-2 Principles ..1-2 Fundamental ..1-4 Theater Air-Ground System ..1-7 Theater Air Control System ..1-7 Navy Tactical Air Control System ..1-9 Marine Air Command and Control Air-Ground System.

8 1-14 Joint Air Operations Center ..1-15 Key Component Liaisons Within TAGS ..1-16 Navy Liaison ..1-16 Marine Liaison ..1-16 Air Force Liaison ..1-16 army Operations Liaison ..1-17 Airspace Management Liaison Mobility Element ..1-17 Air Defense Liaison Section ..1-17 Key Positions and Force Commander ..1-18 Joint Force Air Component Control Air Defense Documents ..1-19 Airspace Control Plan ..1-19 Airspace Control Tasking Order ..1-20 Air Defense Plan ..1-20 Chapter 1 Airspace Control and Airspace Control Systems and Organizations: An OverviewAll army commanders must have a fundamental understanding of joint air-space Control in a Combat zone, the Theater Air-Ground System, and the keypersonnel and documents pertaining to Airspace Control . This chapter intro-duces Airspace Control in a Combat zone, discusses the considerations of jointairspace Control , summarizes the Command and Control systems from eachservice that make up the Theater Air-Ground System (TAGS), discusses liai-sons, identifies the key joint Airspace Control positions, and discusses key doc-uments necessary for planning and executing Airspace Control in a Control IN A Combat ZONE 1-1.

9 JP 3-52 defines Airspace Control in a Combat zone as a process used to in-crease Combat effectiveness by promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use ofairspace. Airspace Control is provided in order to prevent fratricide, enhance airdefense operations, and permit greater flexibility of operations. Airspace controldoes not infringe on the authority vested in commanders to approve, disapprove,or deny Combat 3-521-2 Principles Unity of effort. Fratricide reduction and risk balance. Close liaison and coordination amongall Airspace users. Common Airspace Control procedures. Uncomplicated procedural controls. Reliable, jam-resistant, and secureC4 ISR network. Durable and redundant systems. Ability to respond to evolving enemythreat conditions and evolvingoperation. Training for air traffic controllers thatincludes Combat specific training. Emphasis on flexibility and simplicity. Capability to support day or night andadverse weather International agreements, enemy and friendly force structures, concepts ofoperations, and different operating environments all introduce different airspacecommand and Control (C2) requirements.

10 Airspace Control must provide the jointforce commander (JFC) with enough flexibility to effectively employ the jointforce in either a joint or multinational campaign. Using current national mili-tary objectives and assigned missions as a baseline, the JFC develops specificconcepts for Combat zone Airspace Control in the joint force Airspace Control Airspace Control area consists of Airspace that is laterally defined by theboundaries of the area of operations. It may be divided into subareas. CONSIDERATIONS OF JOINT Airspace CONTROLPRINCIPLES 1-3. army Airspace commandand Control (A2C2) plannersmust understand and considerthe principles of joint airspacecontrol when developing plansto support the ground com-mander s scheme of Airspace Control area de-fines a crucial battlespace di-mension that all components ofjoint and multinational forcesuse to conduct their concentrated friendlyaircraft, surface, subsurface,and air-launched weapon sys-tems must share this airspacewithout one element hinderingapplying Combat power by anyother element.