Artificial Intelligence Applications to Critical ...

1 transportation RESEARCHN umber E-C168 November 2012 Artificial IntelligenceApplications to CriticalTransportation Issues transportation research board 2012 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OFFICERS Chair: Sandra Rosenbloom, Professor of Planning, University of Arizona, Tucson Vice Chair: Deborah H. Butler, Executive Vice President, Planning, and CIO, Norfolk Southern Corporation, Norfolk, Virginia Division Chair for NRC Oversight: C. Michael Walton, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering, University of Texas, Austin Executive Director: Robert E. Skinner, Jr., transportation research board transportation research board 2012 2013 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES COUNCIL Chair: Katherine F.

2 Turnbull, Executive Associate Director, Texas transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station Technical Activities Director: Mark R. Norman, transportation research board Paul Carlson, research Engineer, Texas transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Operations and Maintenance Group Chair Thomas J. Kazmierowski, Manager, Materials Engineering and research Office, Ontario Ministry of transportation , Toronto, Canada, Design and Construction Group Chair Ronald R. Knipling, Principal, , Arlington, Virginia, System Users Group Chair Mark S. Kross, Consultant, Jefferson City, Missouri, Planning and Environment Group Chair Peter B.

3 Mandle, Director, LeighFisher, Inc., Burlingame, California, Aviation Group Chair Harold R. (Skip) Paul, Director, Louisiana transportation research Center, Louisiana Department of transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, State DOT Representative Anthony D. Perl, Professor of Political Science and Urban Studies and Director, Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Rail Group Chair Steven Silkunas, Director of Business Development, Southeastern Pennsylvania transportation Authority, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Public transportation Group Chair Peter F. Swan, Associate Professor of Logistics and Operations Management, Pennsylvania State, Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, Freight Systems Group Chair James S.

4 Thiel, General Counsel, Wisconsin Department of transportation , Legal Resources Group Chair Thomas H. Wakeman, research Professor, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, Marine Group Chair Johanna P. Zmud, Director, transportation , Space, and Technology Program, RAND Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, Policy and Organization Group Chair transportation research Circular E-C168 Artificial Intelligence Applications to Critical transportation Issues Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Committee transportation research board November 2012 transportation research board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 transportation research CIRCULAR E-C168 ISSN 097-8515 The transportation research board is one of six major divisions of the National research Council.

5 Which serves as an independent advisor to the federal government and others on scientific and technical questions of national importance. The National research Council is jointly administered by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The mission of the transportation research board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The transportation research board is distributing this Circular to make the information contained herein available for use by individual practitioners in state and local transportation agencies, researchers in academic institutions, and other members of the transportation research community.

6 The information in this circular was taken directly from the submission of the authors. This document is not a report of the National research Council or the National Academy of Sciences. Policy and Organization Group Johanna P. Zmud, Chair Data and Information Systems Section Reginald Souleyrette, Chair Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Applications Committee Shinya Kikuchi, Chair Montasir Abbas Erel Avineri Hojong Baik Mecit Cetin Mashrur A. Chowdhury Michael J. Demetsky* Loukas Dimitriou Said Easa Praveen Edara Ryan N. Fries Heng Wei Sherif Ishak Manoj K. Jha Matthew G. Karlaftis Hongchao Liu Jim McBride Sebastian A.

7 Meijer David B. Reinke Adel W. Sadek Nicolas Saunier Gary Spring* Yi (Grace) Qi Hans van Lint Henk J. van Zuylen Yunlong Zhang *Emeritus Members TRB Staff Thomas M. Palmerlee, Data and Information Services, Associate Division Director Matthew A. Miller, Senior Program Associate Mai Quynh Le, Program Associate transportation research board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, D. C. Javy Awan, Production Editor; Jennifer Correro, Proofreader; Jennifer J. Weeks, Formatting iii Foreword s part of its mission, the transportation research board s Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Committee (ABJ70) serves as a technical forum on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transportation problems and disseminates information about AI Applications that is credible and potentially useful to the transportation community.

8 This is the second circular published by the committee. The first, Circular E-C113: Artificial Intelligence in transportation : Information for Application, was published in 2007. This circular, authored by members of the committee, encompasses three parts. The first part describes AI Applications in transportation , including the advantages and limitations of AI. The second part encompasses 12 articles in five chapters describing five general AI areas: traffic operations, travel demand modeling, transportation safety and security, public transportation , and infrastructure design and construction. The third part presents a few of the committee members thoughts on the future of AI research in transportation Applications .

9 This circular is intended as an informational resource for transportation practitioners and managers about AI tools within these general areas. Each article details the types of problems to which the AI paradigm is best suited, its strengths and weaknesses, example Applications , and guidelines for its application. Shinya Kikuchi Chair, TRB Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Committee PUBLISHER S NOTE This circular celebrates the contributions to TRB by Shinya Kikuchi, Charles E. Via Jr. Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Director, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech National Capital Region, who after six years is completing his term as Chair of the Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Applications Committee.

10 * This circular is the second in the series on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in transportation prepared under Prof. Kikuchi s leadership. During his chairmanship, he has spearheaded the dissemination of AI knowledge through these circulars as well as through regular workshops at TRB Annual Meetings. Prof. Kikuchi has served on nine TRB committees, always making his mark by empowering his committee members to act and to push new ideas out to the TRB community and beyond. He has consistently drawn a high level of participation in TRB activities from researchers and practitioners around the globe. * For additional information, see A iv Acknowledgments The Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Committee thanks the members of the Circular 2012 Subcommittee for their work in preparing this document.