Assessment Chapter Test B - Weebly

1 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Biology133 Chapter TestClassification of OrganismsIn the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches theterm or the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completeseach statement or best answers each of the following taxonomic categories refers only to plants? grouped structurally similar organisms of a single type intothe category called species identifier denoting the species of the leopard frog, Ranapipiens, Test ; includes Euglenaand ; includes chemosynthetic ; includes mushrooms and ; includes humans and ; includes disease-causing ; includes both plants and ; includes chemosynthetic ; includes disease-causing of related of related of related of related of related familiesCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

2 All rights Biology134 Chapter TestNameClassDateClassification of Organisms, Chapter Test B main criterion used by Linnaeus to classify organisms is branch of biology that names and groups organisms according totheir characteristics and evolutionary history ancestry diagram made by grouping organisms according to theirshared derived characters is called modern systematic taxonomist would likely consider the followingwhen classifying an fossil record, morphology, embryological development, fossil record, morphology, embryological development, , morphology, embryology, and fossil record, macromolecules, habitat, and evolutionary history of an organism is the table below, which level of classification is represented by thecell labeled A? the table below, which of the following best fits the cell labeled B?

3 ElderAngiospermaeSapindalesAceraceaeAcer HumanMammalisPrimatesHominidaeBClassific ation of Three Different OrganismsCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Biology135 Chapter TestNameClassDateClassification of Organisms, Chapter Test B continuedRead each question, and write your answer in the space the levels of classification developed by Linnaeus, from the broadestcategory to the most and contrast Aristotle s system of classification with that of kingdom Protista includes a wide variety of organisms that are moredistantly related to each other than plants are to animals. Why are theygrouped together in one kingdom? does a cladogram of a group of organisms how embryological evidence helps to define and contrast the six-kingdom system of classification with the three-domain system.

4 What evidence prompted the development of the three-domain system?Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Biology136 Chapter TestNameClassDateClassification of Organisms, Chapter Test B continuedFollow the directions given phylogenetic diagram below shows one hypothesis about the relationshipsamong the Gal pagos finches that Darwin catalogued. The diagram is basedon morphological evidence alone. Use the tree to answer the questions finches diverged into ground finches and tree finches (which includethe warblerlike finches). What environmental pressures might have causedthis divergence? the number of insectivorous species with the number of cactus-eating species. What does this suggest about the diversity of food sourcesfor both types of birds? finches environments and food are noted on this tree, but this informa-tion did not contribute to shaping the diagram.

5 The diagram derives fromthe birds morphology. What morphological feature might all three seed-eating ground finches have in common? evidence might a cladistic taxonomist use to propose that any twospecies in this diagram share a close evolutionary relationship? kinds of information available to modern taxonomists might causethem to reconsider the branching patterns shown on this diagram?Camarhynchus pallidusC. psittaculaC. pauperC. parvulusC. crassirostrisTree finchesVegetarianG. magnirostrisG. fortisG. scandensC. heliobatesSeed-eatingG. fuliginosaCactus-eatingGround finchesCommon ancestorWarblerlikeG. conirostrisCerthideaolivaceaPinaroloxias inornataG. difficilisWoodpeckerlikeInsectivorousPop ulation Genetics and SpeciationChapter Test B (Advanced) a small population, an individualaccounts for a relatively large fractionof the total number of alleles.

6 Thus,the reproductive success of anindividual can have a large impact onallele frequencies in the net mutations; no immigration oremigration; large population; randommating; no flow results in changes in graphic representation of a trait in a population is a bell-shaped curvebecause the average form of the traitis found in most members, whileextreme forms of the trait are found in few punctuated equilibrium, a speciesdoes not change for a long period oftime but then changes rapidly over ashort period of time. In gradual evolu-tionary change, a species changesslowly and steadily over a long periodof frequencies: R= 10/16 = ; r= 6/16 = ; phenotype frequencies:red = 3/8 = , pink = 4/8 = ,white = 1/8 = species are classifiedbased on the internal and/or externalstructure and appearance of an organ-ism.

7 Biological species are classifiedby whether a group of organisms cansuccessfully interbreed, but cannotbreed with other be in genetic equilibrium, indivi-duals in a population must only materandomly. In sexual selection, femaleschoose to mate with males based oncertain (a) stabilizing (b) disruptive (c) cm in 1940; about and cmin 1980 (d) The fish prefers medium-size (4 cm 7 cm long) leeches (e) Answers will vary. For example,fish in captivity could be offered anumber of leeches ranging from 1 cm to 10 cm long, and the fishes preferences could be of OrganismsChapter Test A (General) of OrganismsChapter Test B (Advanced) , phylum/division, class,order, family, genus, grouped organisms as plantsand animals, as did Linnaeus. Aristotlealso grouped organisms by grouped morphologicallyrelated organisms into a seven-levelhierarchy.

8 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Biology419 Answer KeyTEACHER RESOURCE Protista includes all eukary-otes that are not plants, animals, orfungi. It contains unicellular and multicellular organisms that lack specialized cladogram for a group of organismsrepresents one possible interpretationfor the evolutionary relationshipsbetween the organisms in the groupbeing that have similar embryologi-cal development probably shared a relatively recent the three-domain system, domainArchaea consists of kingdomArchaebacteria; domain Bacteria iscomposed of kingdom Eubacteria; anddomain Eukarya is composed of king-doms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, andAnimalia. The three-domain system isbased on comparisons of rRNA, whichindicates how long ago any two organ-isms shared a common (a) This divergence might have beencaused by a decreased availability offood preferred by the ancestral birds.

9 (b) Insects probably were a more plentiful food source than cactus. (c) Their beaks are adapted for crackingseeds. (d) A cladistic taxonomist mightuse evidence of shared derived charac-ters, such as a beak shape that differedfrom that of an ancestor. (e) analysesof genetic materialIntroduction to EcologyChapter Test A (General) bacteria and fungi, deadorganisms would not decompose, andthe nutrients within their bodieswould be unavailable to other is always lost when it is trans-ferred from one trophic level to capture from the sun all theenergy for an to EcologyChapter Test B (Advanced) trophic level indicates an organism sposition in a sequence of energy transfer levels in an ecosystem that is occupied by one or more types oforganisms. An organism s trophic levelis determined by its source of help ecologists understand theenvironment and make predictionsabout how it might change.

10 Models arelimited in their applications becausethey cannot account for every variablein an A species with a broad niche can livein a variety of places and can use avariety of , ecosystem, community,population, and , grass, animals, flowers, and allother living components are biotic factors. Sunlight, seasonal changes,storms, fires, and earthquakes aresome examples of abiotic is a response that allows organisms to avoid unfavorable environmental regulator could tolerate a widerrange of environmental conditions,because their internal conditions arekept at the optimal range over a widerange of external conditions. and three major processes in thewater cycle are evaporation, precipita-tion, and transpiration. Evaporation isthe change from liquid water to waterCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.