ATA AND OMMUNICATIONS - PCIU

1 data ANDCOMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONSE ighth EditionWilliam StallingsUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data on FileVice President and Editorial Director, ECS:Marcia J. HortonExecutive Editor:Tracy DunkelbergerAssistant Editor:Carole SnyderEditorial Assistant:Christianna LeeExecutive Managing Editor:Vince O BrienManaging Editor:Camille TrentacosteProduction Editor:Rose KernanDirector of Creative Services:Paul BelfantiCreative Director:Juan LopezCover Designer:Bruce KenselaarManaging Editor, AV Management and Production:Patricia BurnsArt Editor:Gregory DullesDirector, Image Resource Center:Melinda ReoManager, Rights and Permissions:Zina ArabiaManager,Visual Research:Beth BrenzelManager, Cover Visual Research and Permissions:Karen SanatarManufacturing Manager, ESM:Alexis Heydt-LongManufacturing Buyer:Lisa McDowellExecutive Marketing Manager.

2 Robin O BrienMarketing Assistant:Mack Patterson 2007 Pearson Education, Prentice HallPearson Education, Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without permissionin writing from the Prentice Hall is a trademark of Pearson Education, other tradmarks or product names are the property of their respective author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this efforts include thedevelopment, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their author andpublisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentationcontained in this author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequentialdamages in connection with, or arising out of.

3 The furnishing, performance, or use of these in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 0-13-243310-9 Pearson Education Ltd.,LondonPearson Education Australia Pty. Ltd.,SydneyPearson Education Singapore, Pte. Education North Asia Ltd.,Hong KongPearson Education Canada, Inc.,TorontoPearson Educaci n de Mexico, de Education Japan,To k y oPearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Education, Inc.,Upper Saddle River, New JerseyFor my scintillating wifeAT SWEBSITE FORDATA ANDCOMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONS, EIGHTHEDITIONThe Web site at provides support for instructors andstudents using the book. It includes the following Support MaterialsThe course support materials include Copies of figures from the book in PDF format A detailed set of course notes in PDF format suitable for student handout orfor use as viewgraphs A set of PowerPoint slides for use as lecture aids computer Science Student Support Site: contains a number of links anddocuments that the student may find useful in his/her ongoing computerscience education.

4 The site includes a review of basic, relevant mathematics;advice on research, writing, and doing homework problems; links tocomputer science research resources, such as report repositories andbibliographies; and other useful links. An errata sheet for the book, updated at most monthlyDCC CoursesThe DCC8e Web site includes links to Web sites for courses taught using the book. Thesesites can provide useful ideas about scheduling and topic ordering, as well as a number ofuseful handouts and other Web SitesThe DCC8e Web site includes links to relevant Web sites, organized by chapter. The linkscover a broad spectrum of topics and will enable students to explore timely issues in SITE FOR data AND computer COMMUNICATIONS, EIGHTH EDITIONvSupplemental DocumentsThe DCC8e Web site includes a number of documents that expand on the treatment in thebook.

5 Topics include standards organizations, Sockets, TCP/IP checksum, ASCII, and thesampling Mailing ListAn Internet mailing list is maintained so that instructors using this book can exchange infor-mation, suggestions, and questions with each other and the author. Subscription informationis provided at the book s Web and Modeling ToolsThe Web site includes links to the cnetWeb site and the modeling toolsWeb site. These pack-ages can be used to analyze and experiment with protocol and network design issues. Eachsite includes downloadable software and background information. The instructor s manualincludes more information on loading and using the software and suggested student page intentionally left blank CONTENTSWeb Site for data and computer Communications ivPreface xvChapter 0 Reader s and Instructor s Guide of the Book and Web Resources 6 PART ONE OVERVIEW 9 Chapter 1 data Communications, data Networking, and the Internet Communications and Networking for Today s Enterprise Communications Model Communications Internet Example Configuration 29 Chapter 2 Protocol Architecture, TCP/IP.

6 And Internet-Based Applications Need for a Protocol Architecture TCP/IP Protocol Architecture OSI Model within a Protocol Architecture Internet-Based Applications Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 54 Appendix 2 AThe Trivial File Transfer Protocol 57 PART TWO data COMMUNICATIONS 62 Chapter 3 data Transmission and Terminology and Digital data Transmission Impairments Capacity Reading and Web Site Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 96 Appendix 3 ADecibels and Signal Strength 99 Chapter 4 Transmission Media Transmission Media Transmission Propagation Transmission Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 134 Chapter 5 Signal Encoding Techniques data , Digital Signals data , Analog Signals data , Digital Signals data , Analog Signals Reading Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 175 Chapter 6 Digital data communication Techniques and Synchronous Transmission of Errors Detection Correction Configurations Reading Terms, Review Questions.

7 And Problems 204 Chapter 7 data Link Control Protocols Control Control data Link Control (HDLC) Reading Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 229 Appendix 7 APerformance Issues 232 Chapter 8 Multiplexing Multiplexing Time-Division Multiplexing Time-Division Multiplexing Digital Subscriber Line Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 270 Chapter 9 Spread Spectrum Concept of Spread Spectrum Hopping Spread Spectrum Sequence Spread Spectrum Multiple Access Reading and Web Site Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 291 CONTENTSixPART THREE WIDE AREA NETWORKS 295 Chapter 10 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Communications Networks Switching Networks Switching Concepts Architecture Principles Relay Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 325 Chapter 11 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Architecture Logical Connections Cells of ATM Cells Service Categories Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 349 Chapter 12 Routing in Switched Networks in Packet-Switching Networks.

8 Routing in ARPANET Algorithms Reading Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 373 Chapter 13 Congestion Control in data Networks of Congestion Control Management Control in Packet-Switching Networks Relay Congestion Control Traffic Management Traffic Management Reading Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 410 Chapter 14 Cellular Wireless Networks of Cellular Networks Generation Analog Generation CDMA Generation Systems Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 441xCONTENTSPART FOUR LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 444 Chapter 15 Local Area Network Overview and Transmission Media Protocol Architecture 2 and Layer 3 Switches Reading and Web Site Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 479 Chapter 16 High-Speed LANs Emergence of High-Speed LANs Channel Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions.

9 And Problems 506 Appendix 16 ADigital Signal Encoding for LANs 508 Appendix 16 BPerformance Issues 514 Appendix 16 CScrambling 518 Chapter 17 Wireless LANs LAN Technology Architecture and Services Medium Access Control Layer Security Considerations Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 551 PART FIVE INTERNET AND TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS 554 Chapter 18 Internetwork Protocols Protocol Functions of Internetworking Protocol Operation Protocol Private Networks and IP Security Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 600 Chapter 19 Internetwork Operation Protocols Services Architecture Services Level Agreements Performance Metrics Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 651 Chapter 20 Transport Protocols Transport Protocol Mechanisms Congestion Control Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions.

10 And Problems 695 PART SIX INTERNET APPLICATIONS 699 Chapter 21 Network Security Requirements and Attacks with Conventional Encryption Authentication and Hash Functions Encryption and Digital Signatures Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security and IPv6 Security Protected Access Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 740 Chapter 22 Internet Applications Electronic Mail and Network Management Mail: SMTP and MIME Management: SNMP Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 771 Chapter 23 Internet Applications Internet Directory Service and World Wide Web Directory Service: DNS Access: HTTP Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 796 Chapter 24 Internet Applications Multimedia and Video Compression Traffic Over IP and Multimedia Support SIP Transport Protocol (RTP) Reading and Web Sites Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 832xiiCONTENTSAPPENDICES 835 Appendix A Fourier Analysis Series Representation of Periodic Signals Transform Representation of Aperiodic Signals Reading 840 Appendix B Projects for Teaching data and computer Communications Exercises Projects Projects and Modeling Proj