Transcription of Atoms, Elements, and - The Wesley School
1 9696 Atoms, elements , andthe Periodic TableAll types of matter elements , compounds, and mixtures are made of 1 Structure of MatterMain IdeaAtoms containprotons and neutrons in atiny nucleus and electrons ina cloud around the 2 The Simplest MatterMain IdeaAn element ismade of atoms that have thesame number of 3 Compounds and MixturesMain IdeaCompoundscontain different types ofatoms bonded contain differentsubstances mixed a fun ride!The pilot gives the propane burner a long, loud blast that will heatthe air in the balloon, making you soar higher. During your ride,you might start thinking about what is keeping you airborne. Inthis chapter, as you learn about atoms and elements , you will beable to understand more about a list of three questions that you think of when you look atthe picture.
2 Science Journal(bkgd.)Russell Dohrman/Index Stock Atoms, elements , and thePeriodic TableMake the fol-lowing Foldable to help youidentify the main ideas about atoms, Elements, compounds, and mark at themidpoint of a sheetof paper along theside edge. Thenfoldthe top andbottom edges in totouch the half fromside to and cutalong the insidefold lines to formfour each tab and WriteAs you read the chapter, listseveral everyday examples of atoms, Elements, compounds, and mixtures on the back of theappropriate 4 STEP 3 STEP 2 STEP 1 Observe Matter You ve just finished playing re hot and thirsty. You reach for yourbottle of water and take a drink.
3 Releasingyour grip, you notice that the bottle is nearlyempty. Is the bottle really almost empty?According to the dictionary, emptymeans containing nothing. When you have fin-ished all the water in the bottle, will it beempty or full? up a drypaper towel ortissue and tapeit to the insideof a plastic cupas a bowl or sink with water. Turn thecup upside down and slowly push thecup straight down into the water as faras you raise the cup straight up and outof the water. Remove the paper towelor tissue paper and examine CriticallyIn your Science Journal,describe the lab and its results. Explainwhat you think happened. Was anythingin the cup besides the paper?
4 If so, whatwas it?Start-Up ActivitiesPreview this chapter s contentand activities at (bkgd.)Russell Dohrman/Index Stock, (inset)Morrison Photography98 ACHAPTER 4 Atoms, elements , and the Periodic TableApply It!Make a vocabularybookmark with a strip of paper. As you read,keep track of words you do not know or wantto learn more It!What should you do if you find a word you don tknow or understand? Here are some suggested strategies:Practice It!Look at the word chargein the followingpassage. See how context clues can help you understand its context clues (from the sentence or the paragraph) to helpyou define for prefixes, suffixes, or root words that you already it down and ask for help with the at its it up in the glossary or a knew that like charges repel eachother and opposite charges attract each he saw that the [cathode] rays traveledtoward a positively charged plate, he concludedthat the cathode rays were made up of nega-tively charged particles.
5 These invisible, nega-tively charged particles are called . electronsContext ClueLike charges repeleach other andopposite chargesattract each rayswere made up ofnegatively ClueNegatively chargedparticles are calledelectrons. from page 10298 BBefore You ReadStatementAfter You ReadA or DA or D1 Matter cannot be created or model of the atom has remained mostlyunchanged since the idea of atoms was contain mostly empty atoms contain at least one atoms of the same element might containdifferent numbers of you are given the element name, you candetermine the mass number of an mixture is a type of that contain the same elements willhave the same chemical and physical compounds and mixtures contain morethan one type of out a worksheetof this page at a paragraph containing a vocabulary term from beginning to.
6 Go back to determine the meaning of the this to focus on the main ideas as you read the you readthe chapter, respond to the statements below on your worksheet or on a numbered sheet of paper. Wr i t e a n Aif you agreewith the statement. Wr i t e a Dif you disagreewith the you readthe chapter, look back to this page to see if you vechanged your mind about any of the statements. If any of your answers changed, explain why. Change any false statements into true statements. Use your revised statements as a study 4 Atoms, elements , and the Periodic TableWhat is matter?Is a glass with some water in it half empty or half full?Actually, neither is correct.
7 The glass is completely full half fullof water and half full of air. What is air? Air is a mixture of sev-eral gases, including nitrogen and oxygen, which are kinds anything that has mass and takes up space. So,even though you can t see it or hold it in your hand, air is mat-ter. What about all the things you can see, taste, smell, andtouch? Most are made of matter, too. Look at the things picturedinFigure 1and determine which of them are isn t matter?You can see the words on this page because of the light fromthe Sun or from a fixture in the room. Does light have mass ortake up space? What about the warmth from the Sun or the heatfrom the heater in your classroom?
8 Light and heat do not takeup space, and they have no mass. Therefore, they are not formsof matter. Emotions, thoughts, and ideas are not matter this information change your mind about the items in Figure 1?Why is air matter, but light is not? Describecharacteristics of matter. Identifywhat makes up matter. Identifythe parts of an atom . Comparethe models that areused for makes up almost everythingwe see and much of what wecan t Vocabularydensity:the mass of an objectdivided by its volumeNew Vocabulary matter atom law of conservation of matter electron nucleus proton neutronStructure of MatterFigure 1A rainbow is formedwhen light filters through the rain-drops, a plant grows from a seed inthe ground, and a statue is sculptedfrom which are matter.
9 (l)Gary C. Will/Visuals Unlimited, (c)Mark Burnett/Stock Boston, (r)CORBISWhat makes up matter?Suppose you cut a chunk of wood into smaller and smallerpieces. Do the pieces seem to be made of the same matter as thelarge chunk you started with? If you could cut a small enoughpiece, would it still have the same properties as the first chunk?Would you reach a point where the last cut resulted in a piecethat no longer resembled the first chunk? Is there a limit to howsmall a piece can be? For centuries, people have asked questionslike these and wondered what matter is made Early IdeaDemocritus, who lived from about 460 , was a Greek philosopher who thought the universe wasmade of empty space and tiny bits of stuff.
10 He believed that thebits of stuff were so small they could no longer be divided intosmaller pieces. He called these tiny pieces atoms. The term atomcomes from a Greek word that means cannot be divided. Todayanatomis defined as a small particle that makes up most typesof 2shows the difference between Democritus sideas and those of other early scientists and thought that different types of atoms existed forevery type of matter and that the atom s identity explained thecharacteristics of each type of matter. Democritus s ideas aboutatoms were a first step toward understanding matter. However,his ideas were not accepted for over 2,000 years.
