ATP 3-12.3 ELECTRONIC WARFARE TECHNIQUES

1 ATP ELECTRONIC WARFARE TECHNIQUES JULY 2019 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ATP 3-36, dated 16 December 2014. Headquarters, Department of the Army This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site ( ), and the Central Army Registry site ( ). *ATP RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes ATP 3-36, dated 16 December i Army TECHNIQUES Publication No. Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 16 July 2019 ELECTRONIC WARFARE TECHNIQUES Contents Page v INTRODUCTION.

2 Vii Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE .. 1-1 Introduction to ELECTRONIC WARFARE .. 1 -1 ELECTRONIC WARFARE 1-1 electromagnetic Environment .. 1 -2 Chapter 2 ELECTRONIC WARFARE KEY PERSONNEL .. 2-1 ELECTRONIC WARFARE Personnel .. 2-1 Theater Army, Corps, Division and Brigade .. 2-1 Chapter 3 ELECTRONIC WARFARE PLANNING AND EXECUTION .. 3-1 ELECTRONIC WARFARE Contributions to the Military Decision-Making Process .. 3-1 ELECTRONIC WARFARE Planning Considerations .. 3-1 ELECTRONIC WARFARE Configurations.

3 3 -6 Staff Contributions to ELECTRONIC WARFARE Planning .. 3-8 3- 11 ELECTRONIC WARFARE Execution .. 3 - 13 Special Considerations During Execution .. 3- 14 Chapter 4 ELECTRONIC WARFARE PREPARATION AND 4-1 ELECTRONIC WARFARE Preparation .. 4 -1 Integration of ELECTRONIC WARFARE and Signals Intelligence .. 4-2 Chapter 5 ELECTRONIC WARFARE SUPPORT TECHNIQUES .. 5-1 Planning ELECTRONIC WARFARE Support .. 5-1 Preparing ELECTRONIC WARFARE Support .. 5-1 Executing ELECTRONIC WARFARE support .. 5-2 Chapter 6 ELECTRONIC ATTACK TECHNIQUES .

4 6-1 Planning ELECTRONIC Attack .. 6-1 Preparing ELECTRONIC Attack .. 6-4 Executing ELECTRONIC Attack .. 6-5 Chapter 7 ELECTRONIC PROTECTION TECHNIQUES .. 7-1 Commander s ELECTRONIC Protection Responsibilities .. 7-1 Planning ELECTRONIC Protection .. 7 -1 Contents ii ATP electromagnetic Compatibility .. 7-5 electromagnetic Interference .. 7-5 Staff ELECTRONIC Protection Responsibilities .. 7- 10 Equipment and Communications Enhancements .. 7- 10 Appendix A THE electromagnetic SPECTRUM .. A-1 Appendix B JAMMING CALCULATIONS.

5 B-1 Appendix C ELECTRONIC WARFARE EQUIPMENT AND C-1 Appendix D FORMS, REPORTS, AND MESSAGES .. D-1 GLOSSARY .. Glossary-1 REFERENCES .. References-1 INDEX .. Index-1 Figures Figure 1-1. The electromagnetic spectrum and the electromagnetic environment .. 1-3 Figure 3-1. ELECTRONIC WARFARE in the targeting process .. 3- 13 Figure 5-1. Example of a line-of-bearing .. 5-3 Figure 5-2. Example of a cut .. 5-3 Figure 5-3. Example of a fix .. 5-4 Figure 5-4. Concave baseline .. 5-5 Figure 5-5. Convex baseline.

6 5-5 Figure 5-6. Baseline distance .. 5-6 Figure 5-7. Circular error probability .. 5-7 Figure 5-8. False azimuth indicated by refraction error .. 5-8 Figure 5-9. Reflection of a radio wave .. 5-9 Figure 6-1. Spot and barrage jamming .. 6-9 Figure 6-2. Jamming to disrupt enemy battalion to company communications .. 6- 11 Figure 7-1. Threat use of terrain masking .. 7-3 Figure A-1. Department of Defense use of the electromagnetic spectrum .. A-4 Figure A-2. The ionosphere daytime and nighttime composition.

7 A-7 Figure A-3. The electromagnetic spectrum and communication bands .. A-8 Figure A-4. Relationship between magnetic field strength and current .. A-9 Figure A-5. Amplitude modulation and frequency modulation .. A- 10 Figure A-6. Pulse modulation .. A- 11 Figure A-7. Antenna heights and line of sight distances .. A- 12 Figure A-8. Electric and magnetic fields of a radio wave .. A- 13 Figure A-9. Vertical and horizontal polarization .. A- 13 Figure A-10. Circular and elliptical polarization .. A- 14 Figure A-11.

8 Planar wavefront reflection .. A- 15 Figure A-12. Super-refraction ducts .. A- 16 Figure A-13. Diffraction of radio waves around a solid object .. A- 17 16 July 2019 Contents ATP iii Figure A-14. Diffraction of radio waves around a hillside ..A- 17 Figure A-15. Phase shift in multipath interference ..A-19 Figure A-16. Possible routes for ground waves ..A-20 Figure A-17. Relationship between skip zone, skip distance, and ground wave ..A- 21 Figure A-18. Skywave paths ..A-22 Figure A-19. Refraction of frequency below the lowest usable frequency.

9 A-24 Figure B-1. Example minimum jammer power output calculations ..B-2 Figure B-2. Example maximum jammer power output calculation ..B-3 Figure D-1. Sample joint tactical air strike request .. D-2 Figure D-2. Joint spectrum interference resolution report instructions .. D-3 Figure D-3. Stop jamming message instructions .. D-4 Figure D-4. ELECTRONIC WARFARE frequency deconfliction message instructions .. D-4 Figure D-5. ELECTRONIC WARFARE mission summary instructions .. D-5 Figure D-6. ELECTRONIC WARFARE tasking message instructions.

10 D-7 Tables Table 3-1. Example of an ELECTRONIC WARFARE running estimate .. 3-3 Table 7-1. TECHNIQUES for minimizing transmissions and transmission times .. 7-4 Table 7-2. Common jamming signals .. 7-6 Table 7-3. electromagnetic interference troubleshooting battle drill .. 7-9 Table A-1. Radio wave bands and frequencies ..A-1 Table A-2. Atmosphere layers, features, and their effects on radio waves ..A-5 Table A-3. Ionosphere layers and effects on radio waves ..A-6 Table A-4. The proportional relationship between amplitude and energy.