ATP-61 (AJP-3.3.4.2) RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE ...

1 NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61( ) RECONNAISSANCE ANDSURVEILLANCE support TOJOINT OPERATIONSNATO UNCLASSIFIEDNATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61iORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61 RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCESUPPORTTO allied joint OPERATIONSNATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61iiORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIED(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61iiiORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDNORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATIONMILITARY AGENCY FOR STANDARDIZATION (MAS)NATO LETTER OF PROMULGATIONN ovember - RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE support TO allied JOINTOPERATIONS, is a NATO UNCLASSIFIED Publication. The agreement of nations to use thispublication is recorded in STANAG is effective on GR NHEIMM ajor General, NOAFC hairman, MASNATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61ivORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIED(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61vORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDCHAPTERRECORD OF RESERVATIONBY NATIONS12345 ANNEX ANATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61viORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDN ationReservationNATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61viiORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDRECORD OF CHANGESCHANGEDATEDATEENTEREDEFFECTIVEDAT EBY WHOMENTEREDNATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61viiiORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIED(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)

2 NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61ixORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIED TABLE OF CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGECHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTIONP urpose 1011-1 Scope1021-1 Applicability1031-1 Authority1041-1 Abbreviations, Terms, and Definitions1051-2 CHAPTER 2 - RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE MISSION AREASD efinitions2012-1 General2022-1 Strategic RECONNAISSANCE and Surveillance2032-2 Operational RECONNAISSANCE and Surveillance2042-2 Tactical RECONNAISSANCE and Surveillance2052-2 Tasks2062-2 CHAPTER 3 - RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITIES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND LIMITATIONSS ection A - Required CapabilitiesGeneral3013-1 Required Capabilities3023-1 Section B - Characteristics and LimitationsGeneral3033-3 Aerial Systems3043-3 Surface Systems3053-4 Subsurface Systems3063-6 Space Systems3083-6 Other Collection Capabilities3093-7 CHAPTER 4 - RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE support AND THE INTELLIGENCE PROCESSG eneral4014-1 Intelligence Disciplines4024-1 Intelligence Cycle4034-2 RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE Cycle4044-4 Intelligence and RECONNAISSANCE / SURVEILLANCE Interrelationship4054-5 Collection Co-ordination and Intelligence Requirements Management Concept4064-6 NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-61xORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDCHAPTER 5 - RECONNAISSANCE AND

3 SURVEILLANCE COLLECTORS, PRODUCTS AND TARGETSS ensors5015-1 Products5025-3 Targets5035-4 ANNEX A - GLOSSARYA bbreviations/AcronymsA-1 Terms and DefinitionsA-3 NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-611-1 ORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION101. Purpose. The purpose of this publication is to provide a reference document covering doctrinefor RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE support to allied joint Scope. RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE doctrine is intended to assist commanders inaccomplishing assigned missions by supporting their ability to obtain information necessary fordeveloping plans and conducting operations. This publication s focus will be on operational leveldoctrine but may be used as a reference at any level.

4 This doctrine should serve as the foundation forother subordinate RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE publications to include tactics, techniques, andprocedures. Tactics, techniques and procedures will not be described in this document except wherenecessary for understanding or continuity. The publication will:a. Provide guidance for NATO and national commanders, their staffs, and their componentsin order to effectively employ assigned, attached, or supporting RECONNAISSANCE andsurveillance forces;b. Lead to a better understanding of RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE operations withinNATO s nations and armed Applicability. The principles, guidelines, and conceptual framework described in thisdocument are provided for NATO Nations, higher NATO commands, joint task forces, subordinateunits of these organisations, tactical commanders and their staffs.

5 They are written for those who:a. Provide strategic direction for RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE operations;b. Employ and prepare allied joint forces for RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE operations;c. support or are supported by RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE Authority. It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of will exercise judgement in applying the doctrine herein to accomplish their Abbreviations, Terms, and Definitions. Abbreviations, terms, and definitions are located inChapter 2 and Annex UNCLASSIFIEDATP-611-2 ORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIED(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-612-1 ORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDCHAPTER 2 RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE MISSION AREAS What enables the wise sovereign and the general things beyond thereach of ordinary man is foreknowledge.

6 Sun Tzu201. A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detectionmethods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or to securedata concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area.(AAP-6) SURVEILLANCE . The systematic observation of aerospace, surface and subsurface areas, places,persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (AAP-6)Air RECONNAISSANCE . The collection of information of intelligence interest either by visualobservation from the air or through the use of airborne sensors. (AAP-6)Air SURVEILLANCE . The systematic observation of air space by electronic, visual, or othermeans, primarily for the purpose of identifying and determining the movements of aircraft andmissiles, friendly and enemy, in the air space under observation.

7 (AAP-6)Battlefield SURVEILLANCE . Systematic observation of the battle area for the purpose ofproviding timely information and combat intelligence. (AAP-6)Sea SURVEILLANCE . The systematic observation of surface and sub-surface areas by allavailable and practical means primarily for the purpose of locating, identifying and determining themovement of ships, submarines, and other vehicles, friendly and enemy, proceeding on or under thesurface of the world s seas and oceans. (AAP-6)Intelligence, SURVEILLANCE , Target Acquisition, and RECONNAISSANCE (ISTAR). ISTAR is theprocess that links SURVEILLANCE , RECONNAISSANCE , and target acquisition systems and sensors to cuemanoeuvre and offensive strike assets. It encompasses collection and management of informationand intelligence to provide situational awareness for commanders and staff to direct operations andsupport the targeting General.

8 The primary objective of RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE operations is to providetimely collection support and satisfy information/intelligence requirements, including Alliance,national, and theatre requirements. RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE operations:Provide assessment support to all levels of command before, during and after the conduct ofoperations;NATO UNCLASSIFIEDATP-612-2 ORIGINALNATO UNCLASSIFIEDA ssist in determining where and when to employ limited resources and concentrate the effortsof these resources;Provide important means for assessing efforts of deception and concealment;Affect the formulation of policy and strategy as well as the development of a joint campaign;Are performed by forces with a primary RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE mission and otherforces with either a collateral mission or the capability to perform such a mission.

9 AndCan be categorised as either strategic, operational, or tactical though the missionsaccomplished are essentially the same for each level of operations or interests. The variables aredepth of operations, operational tempo, level of detail, timelines, reporting, and level of Strategic RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE . Operations conducted to collect information thatwhen processed, analysed, and integrated with other information, supports political leaders andsenior military commanders in the formulation of policy and military plans at the national or Operational RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE . Operations conducted to collect informationthat supports commanders in the development and execution of campaigns and major Tactical RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE .

10 Operations conducted to collect information thatsupports commanders in the planning and execution of battles and Tasks. In order to satisfy information/intelligence requirements, RECONNAISSANCE andsurveillance resources conduct operations in support of the following intelligence functional areas:a. Provide Indications and Warning (I&W). RECONNAISSANCE and SURVEILLANCE operationsprovide time-sensitive information necessary to assess forces and installations that threatenNATO. This mission area may require continuous SURVEILLANCE or as-required reconnaissanceto provide timely I&W of a threat or impending attack. I&W information is necessary toassess an enemy s offensive and defensive force capabilities and other factors that may affectAllied plans and Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB).