AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

1 AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by (13 UEEC0138) AISHWARYA RAJENDRAN (13 UEEC0605) (13 UEEC0105) in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Department of ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION VELTECH Dr. RR & Dr. SR UNIVERSITY CHENNAI 600 062 December 2016 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATIONSYSTEM submitted by (13 UEEC0138) AISHWARYA RAJENDRAN (13 UEEC0605) (13 UEEC0105) in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering is an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and guidance.

2 To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the project report has not been submitted to any other University/Institute for the award of any Degree. Signature of Internal Guide Signature of Head of the Department Ms. JINCY FRANCIS , , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT DEPT. OF ECE DEPT. OF ECE SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION VELTECH Dr. RR & Dr. SR VELTECH Dr. RR & Dr. SR UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY Submitted to Project and Viva Examination held on _____ INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINERi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my deepest gratitude to our respected Founder and President of VEL TECH Dr.

3 RR & Dr. SR UNIVERSITY Col. Prof. Dr. R. Rangarajan ( ), (MECH), (AUTO), and Founder Chancellor Dr. R. Sagunthala Rangarajan , and Chair Person & Managing Trustee and Vice President for encouraging students and providing us with an environment to complete my project successfully. I am very thankful to our beloved Vice Chancellor Prof. Beela Satyanarayana, (MECH), (IE), (CSE), (IIT, Delhi) and Pro Chancellor Dr. U. Chandrasekar , for providing us an environment to complete our project successfully. I am obliged to our beloved Registrar Dr. E. Kannan, , , for giving this valuable guidance to complete our project successfully. I am thankful to our beloved Director Academics Dr. Techn. Koteswara Rao Anne for providing me wonderful environment to complete our project successfully.

4 It is a great pleasure for me to acknowledge the assistance and contribution of our Head of the Department , for his assistance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the project work. I would also thank our Project Coordinator for his support during the entire course of this project work and also for providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. I am thankful to our Project Guide Francis for providing us with her kind guidance and assistance to complete our project successfully. I am thankful to Lab Instructor, CDIO, for helping us debug and complete our project successfully. I would also thank all the staffs in our department for their guidance to finish this project successfully. We also like to thank all our friends for their willing assistance. Words never fill what we owe to our beloved parents for everything they have done for us.

5 Ii ABSTRACT This project on " AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM " is intended to create an automated IRRIGATION mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF by detecting the dampness/moisture content of the earth. In the domain of farming, utilization of appropriate means of IRRIGATION is significant. The benefit of employing these techniques is to decrease human interference and still make certain appropriate IRRIGATION . The proposed model consists of three stages: Firstly, sensing the land s moisture levels. Second stage is the determination of its status: dry or wet. The last and third stage is Motor control. This project proposes the development of AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM (APIS) capable of detecting loss of moisture in soil using the soil moisture sensor.

6 Specifically, APIS utilizes the Soil Moisture Sensor to detect water content level in soil and give appropriate responses to the SYSTEM based on detected condition. Using this response, APIS determines whether or not the land needs to be irrigated. In the current version, APIS is capable of detecting and irrigating a small area that can be considered to be under a single pump s coverage. Implemented using Operational Amplifier LM358, APIS uses live input data to determine the conditions. APIS represents our most basic step towards automated farming to improve turnover and reduce the impact of draught or loss due to IRRIGATION issues. iii CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 1 INTRODUCTION 1 OVERVIEW 1 AIM 3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4 2 BACKGROUND 5 EXISTING SYSTEM 5 PROPOSED SYSTEM 5 3 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 7 COMPONENTS USED IN DESIGNING 7 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 7 LM358 7 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR 11 RELAY 12 DC MOTOR PUMP 14 iv CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO 4 DESIGN 1 FLOW CHART 16 FLOW DIAGRAM 17 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 17 ADVANTAGES OF

7 AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM 18 APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM 18 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 18 LIMITATIONS OF AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM 19 5 RESULT ANALYSIS 20 METHODOLOGY PROJECT PLAN 20 INITIAL INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN WORKING 6 CONCLUSION 24 REFERENCE 25 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page number LM 358 PIN diagram 9 LM358 CHIP diagram 10 Soil Moisture sensor board and probe 11 Soil Moisture detector probe 12 Relay Internal Structure 13 Relay External Structure 13 Operational diagram 14 Dc motor pump structure 15 Flow chart 16 Flow diagram 17 Circuit diagram 18 Working model 21 LIST OF TABULATIONS Tabulation Page number 1. Production in 1998-2001 3 List of components 7 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW The greatest crisis in modern day and age is a great disparity in the agricultural sector turnover.

8 The great losses incurred in agriculture: material losses or financial losses most of them are attributed to crop health and quality. If the crops are determined to be not up to par, this may result in a loss. In order to prevent this, we need to maintain the quality of crops and keep them at maximum health. On a practical basis, this is nearly impossible for a farmer who has large lands to observe and maintain. However, this is currently being managed manually. There is a danger in this; many of the labourers are preferring to work at white collar jobs, and as a result, there is a large deficiency in manpower. This makes automated farming a necessary part of the future. The greatest cause for the crops being not on par is improper IRRIGATION (other than natural calamities).

9 If the IRRIGATION issues are resolved, most of the problem is solved. Hence this is the pinnacle point that needs to be renovated with technology. Automating this part of the process will be extremely beneficial to farmers. The automated PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM will help to reduce the work load on farmers, and help to keep the farmlands well irrigated at all times. Most of the farmers all over the world suffer to maintain their crops with proper watering methods, but find themselves helpless. This SYSTEM will help farmers irrigate their lands even single-handedly, without the need of additional manpower. Its user friendly simple circuitry will make the user feel comfortable in using this SYSTEM . The user only needs to install the circuit and sensors and connect the pump to the circuit and its complete.

10 The SYSTEM will start functioning upon power-up, and will need no trigger to keep it running. WHAT IS DROUGHT? DANGERS OF AN ARTIFICIAL DROUGHT BROUGHT ABOUT BY MAN A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in its water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region 2 and harm to the local economy. Annual dry seasons in the tropics significantly increase the chances of a drought developing and subsequent bush fires. Periods of heat can significantly worsen drought conditions by hastening evaporation of water vapour. Researchers for the study, published in the journal Nature, found that drought and extreme heat reduced crop yields by as much as 10% between 1964 and 2007.