B. Sc. II YEAR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II

1 BSCCH- BSCCH 202. B. Sc. II YEAR. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II. CHEMISTRY . SCHOOL OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY . UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY. BSCCH-202. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II. SCHOOL OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY . UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY. Phone No. 05946-261122, 261123. Toll free No. 18001804025. Fax No. 05946-264232, E. mail Board of Studies Prof. Govind Singh Prof. B. S. Saraswat Director, School of Sciences Professor CHEMISTRY Uttarakhand Open University Department of CHEMISTRY School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi Prof S.

2 P. S. Mehta Prof. D. S. Rawat Professor CHEMISTRY Professor CHEMISTRY Department of CHEMISTRY Department of CHEMISTRY DSB Campus, Kumaun University Delhi University, Delhi Nainital Dr. Charu C. Pant Programme Coordinator Department of CHEMISTRY School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University Haldwani, Nainital Programme Coordinators Dr. Charu C. Pant Dr. Shalini Singh Department of CHEMISTRY (Assistant Professor). School of Sciences, Department of CHEMISTRY Uttarakhand Open University School of Sciences, Haldwani, Nainital Uttarakhand Open University Haldwani, Nainital Unit Written By Unit No.

3 1. Dr. Bipin Chandra Joshi 01, 02 & 03. Department of CHEMISTRY Govt, PG College, Pithoragarh 2. Dr. Neeta Joshi 04 & 05. Department of CHEMISTRY Govt. PG. College, Ramnager 3. Dr. Ajay Kumar 06 & 07. Department of Applied Science Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 4. Dr. Abha Shukla 08 & 09. Department of CHEMISTRY , Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar. 5. Dr. R. K Shukla 10. Department of CHEMISTRY , Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar. Course Editor Prof.

4 Om Prakash Department of CHEMISTRY College of basic Sciences and Humanities Pant University of Agriculture & Technology Pantnager Title : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - II. ISBN No. : Copyright : Uttarakhand Open University Edition : 2018. Published by : Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital- 263139. CONTENTS. BLOCK- 1 derivatives OF HYDROCARBONS-I. Unit -1 Alcohols 1-40. Unit -2 Phenols 41-70. Unit -3 Ethers and epoxides 71-90. BLOCK-2 derivatives OF HYDROCARBONS-II. Unit -4 Aldehydes 91-137. Unit -5 Ketons 138-179. Unit -6 carboxylic acids 180-228.

5 Unit -7 Functional derivatives of Monocarboxylic Acids 229-261. BLOCK-3 NITRO COMPOUNDS, ORGANOSULPHUR AND ORGANO. PHOSPHORUS. Unit -8 ORGANIC Compounds of Nitrogen (Nitro compounds) 262- 290. Unit 9 Amino Compounds 291-330. Unit -10 Organosulphur and Organo Phosphorus Compounds 331- 361. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II BCHCH-202. UNIT - 1 ALCOHOL. CONTENTS: Objectives Introduction Classification of alcohols Nomenclature of alcohols Methods of preparation of alcohols Acidic nature of alcohols Chemical reactions of alcohols Dihydric alcohols Methods of preparation Physical properties of dihydric alcohols Chemical reactions of vicinal glycols Trihydric alcohols Metods of preparation Chemical reactions Summary Terminal questions Answers (MCQs).

6 References UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II BCHCH-202. OBJECTIVES. Objectives of this unit are to study the alcohols, their structures, nomenclature, and classification on the basis of number of OH groups present like monohydric alcohol, dihydric and polyhydric alcohols. Classification on the basis of nature of carbon attached with OH group like primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. This unit also aims on methods of preparation of alcohols with their physical and chemical properties, acidic and basic characters.

7 Chemical reactions of alcohols like acid - catalyseddehydration etc, Study on chemical properties of dihydric and polyhydric alcohos have also been aimed in this unit INTRODUCTION. Alcohols are ORGANIC compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon have been replaced by hydroxyl (-OH) group. They are some of the most common and useful compounds in nature, in industry, and around the house. The general formula for a simple acyclic alcohol is CnH2n+1OH, where n=1, 2, 3, etc. The saturated carbon chain is often designated by the symbol R, so that ROH can represent any alcohol in the homologous series.

8 Alcohols can be viewed as ORGANIC analogues of water in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkyl group. The simplest and most commonly used alcohols are methanol and ethanol. They occur widely in nature and have many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. OH. OH. OH. CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3CH2 CH CH3. methanol ethanol cyclopropanol cyclohexanol isobutanol Aromatic compounds, which contain a hydroxy group on a side chain, behave like alcohols are called aromatic alcohol. In these alcohols, the OH group is attached to a sp3 hybridised carbon atom next to an aromatic ring.

9 UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 2. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II BCHCH-202. CH2OH CH2CH2OH CH2CH2CH2OH. benzyl alcohol 2- phenyl ethanol 3- phenyl propanol In some alcohols, the OH group is attached to a sp3 hybridised carbon next to the carbon-carbon double bond that is to an allylic carbon are known as allylic alcohols. In some alcohols OH group bonded to a carbon-carbon double bond , to a vinylic carbon or to an aryl carbon. These alcohols are also known as vinylic alcohols. Allylic and benzylic alcohols may be primary, secondary or tertiary in nature.

10 OH. CH2 CH OH CH2 CH CH2 OH. vinylic alcohol allylic alcohol phenol CLASSIFICATION OF ALCOHOLS. Alcohols are classified into following types on the basis of number of OH groups present in the molecule and nature of carbon attached with OH group as follow: (a) Monohydric Alcohols: These compounds contain only one OH group. CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH 2OH. (b) Dihydric Alcohols: These contain two OH groups. CH2 OH. CH2 OH. (c) Trihydric Alcohols: These contain three OH groups. CH2 OH. CH OH. CH2 OH. UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Page 3.