Ballast Water Management Systems: Technology …

1 Ballast Water Management Systems: Technology DevelopmentsINTERTANKO Lunchtime Seminar on BWMD ebra DiCiannaSenior Principal Environmental Solutions EngineerLondon, UK8 September 20152 TopicslBallast Water Management OptionslUSCG Type Approval ProcesslInformation on Ballast Water Management Systems (BWMS)lPractical Means For Compliance with USCG RequirementsnUSCG extensions requestsnDrydocking movementslPreparing for Compliance3 Understanding Compliance OptionslShips on Worldwide VoyagesnMonitor progress in ratifying the BWM ConventionnIdentify the IOPP Renewals SurveynMonitor changes in the revision of the G8 Guidelines for approval of BWMSlShips Dischargingin US WatersnDetermine ship ballasting requirementsnFollow USCG type approval processnIdentify Technology options4 BWMS TechnologiesBallast Water Management SystemPhysical Separation* Filtration Hydrocyclone CoagulationDisinfection*Chemical DisinfectionPhysical Disinfection+ Electro-chlorination Chlorine-based Chemicals Ozone Other disinfectants UV De-oxygenation HeatorSupplementary Treatment* Cavitation Ultrasound Catalyst Plasma Magnetic Separation+*Note.

2 BWMS have been developed using different combinations of the Pros and ConsFiltrationProslEliminates larger organisms, reduces total organisms/biomass to kill and reduces maximum sediment size allowing improved active substance effectivenesslSediment in the Ballast tanks may be reduced due to filtrationConslClogginglReliability of the mechanical componentslRestriction for piping systemlReliability for corrosionlSusceptible to Water -hammer damagelDamage by physical substances in the pipinglSpare parts for moving componentslRequired backpressure for backflow washing6 Electrochlorination Pros and ConsElectrochlorinationProslLow additional flow restrictionlMay provide residual disinfectant in Ballast tanks for protection against organism Ballast Water temperatures is low, only 1% (or less) of Ballast flow would require heating (side-stream arrangement)lEasier installation on vessels with cargo pump rooms or hazardous cargo areas (side-stream arrangement)ConslGeneration of hazardous gaseslNeed for certified safe construction of electrochlorination unit when used in tankerlLife and maintenance of electrodeslCorrosionlUse in freshwaterlStorage of neutralizing agentslNeutralization for dischargelDisinfection byproductslTime for lethality of organisms (varies by vendor)7 Chemical Application Pros and ConsChemical ApplicationProslReduced complexity of installed system and CAPEXC onslActive substances increased potential for corrosionlAdditional handling and storage of hazardous chemicals -personnel (PPE) and training considerationslStorage, supply and leakage of chemicalslFire extinguishing system requirements for system safety must be consideredlNeutralization for discharge (varies by vendor)lTime for lethality of organisms (varies by vendor)

3 LSome technologies create disinfection byproducts 8 Deoxygenation Pros and ConsDeoxygenationProslReduced Ballast tank corrosionlIncreased Ballast tank coating lifelReduced sacrificial anode consumptionlInert gas Technology is common on oil tankerslNo active substances and no chemical storage requiredlNo neutralization chemicals requiredlNo filtration used minimizes changes to ballasting operationsConslRestriction on access to Ballast Water tanks due to inertinglSome tank arrangements may make installation complexlSignificant amount of time for lethality of organismslNeed for precise inert conditions to meet efficacy demonstrated during testinglSpecial consideration for isolation, interlocks and controls to ensure proper treatment and re-aeration during dischargelSome technologies may use LSMGO fuelfor Stripping Gas Generator and other fuels ( , HFO) are not suitable9 Ozone Treatment Pros and ConsOzone TreatmentProslMore equipment installation options for small available spaces equipment can be located separately with smaller footprintslOzone treatment is an effective disinfectant in fresh waterConslGeneration of hazardous gaseslCorrosion of coatings and piping materialslOzone generation system installation location and ozone/ oxygen leak detection must be consideredlOzone-induced corrosion of coatings and piping materials must be consideredlOzone pipe routing restrictions and sensors -materials of construction are more expensivelStainless steel ozone distribution piping costs and more difficult installation must be consideredlRelatively high power consumption compared to other technologieslNeutralization for discharge10UV Disinfection Pros and ConsUV DisinfectionProslNo active substances used in treatmentlNo neutralization chemicals

4 RequiredConslHigh replacement cost for UV lamplPossible damage by Water hammerlIngested debris can damage UV quartz sleeveslCertified safe type needed for use in tankerlUV treatment during dischargelUV disinfection may only render organisms not viable and may not kill organisms11UV DisinfectionlUVC damages DNA and stops reproductionlPoints of impact12 USCG vs. BWM Convention -UV DisinfectionUSCGBWM ConventionTerminology in discharge/performance standard for organisms 10 m in minimum dimension Living organisms Viable organisms(GuidelinesG8 state viable organisms are organisms and any life stages thereof that are living )Method for Counting Organisms 50 m (zooplankton) direct counts and mobility 10 mand < 50 m (protists) combination of vital, fluorescentstains (fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) Nospecific methods are listed Part 4 provides guidelines for sample analysis and states When available, widely accepted standard methods.)

5 Should be used. 13 FDA/CMDFDA Method lSpecifically listed in Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Protocoll Determining the viability of marine protists using a combination of vital, fluorescent stains (Steinberg et al, Mar Biol (2011) 158:1431 1) technical paper describing the method and its validationlNeed for a robust viability analysis that is applicable to a broad range of organismslHow method works:nStain penetrates cellnEsterasesconvert stains to fluorescent productsnFluorescent cells counted as alive l This approach will be used as a benchmark for validating new viability assays and techniques in the future. 14 Illustration of FDA/CMFDA MethodlStain sample and living organisms fluorescelThe fluorescent organisms are counted for the number of living organismsl This approach will be used as a benchmark for validating new viability assays and techniques in the future 15 General Description of Enumeration MethodlTwo part method to determine the number of living organisms in the 10-50 m size range.

6 NAutotroph Chlorophyll-based most probable number (MPN) dilution-culture techniquenHeterotroph Absence of Chlorophyll a autofluorescencelValues from each method are summed to provide a total concentration of living organismslEstablished a standard protocol that would be required of each laboratorynDilutionsnGrowth medianMPN calculator16 development of Enumeration Methodl Enumeration or Most Probable Number (MPN) method has been developed by UV-vendors to address the need for another means to count organismslMPN method has been used for almost 40 years for assessing viability of single species cultureslMPN method procedures vary by laboratorylUSCG and EPA identified the need to develop a consistent procedure and validate methodlProposed method developed by a collaboration of UV manufacturers in consultation with the ETV Enumeration Tech PanellTimeline of events:nLate 2012/early 2013 preliminary mtgs. with USCGnJuly 2013 present testing of methodnMarch 2015 propose method submitted to ETV Tech PanelnAugust 2015 discussion of MPN calculator nTBD method validation17 Type Approved BWMSB allast Water Management SystemsNumber of SystemsAvailable or in-development100+Type ApprovalCertificate verifying compliance with (58)~56*Type Approved BWMS Explosion Proof7 IMO Final Approval8 IMO Basic Approval14 USCG Type Approval0 USCG AcceptedAlternate ManagementSystem(AMS)50 BWMS by 44 manufacturers*The number reflects verified approvals for a BWMS manufacturer not the number of specific models approved and excludes 1 system removed from the market18 BWMS for Use in US Waters.

7 USCG Accepted Alternate Management system (AMS)lIf installed prior to USCG Type Approved BWMS, AMS may be used for 5-years from the vessel s specific compliance dateUSCG Accepted AMS 50 BWMS by 44 ManufacturersAquarius -ECAquarius -UVAquaStar *ARA PLASMABalClor BallastMasterUltraVBALPURE BawatBIO-SEA Blue Ocean ShieldBSKY CathelcoCleanBallast CrystalBallast CyecoBWMSEcoBallast Ecochlor ECOMARINEE lectro-Cleen *ERMA FIRSTFineBallastMFGloEn-Patrol *HiBallast*Hyde GUARDIAN HY -BWMSJFE BallastAce (usingNEO-CHLOR MARINE and TG Ballastcleaner)KBALMICROFADE Miura BWMSMMC BWMSNEI VOSNiBallast NK-O3 BlueBallast Ocean Protection SystemOceanDoctorOceanGuard OceanSaver MKIIO ptimarin*OxyCleanPACT Marine BWTSPureBallast (Models 250 -2500, (Ex), (EX))Purimar *RayClean SeaCURE SeascapeSmart BallastTrojan MarinexAs of 8 June 2015* EX model included19 Approved BWMS StatisticsCategoryAll Type Approved BWMSUSCGAMSNo.

8 Of BWMS56*50No. of BWMS requiring treatment during intake and de-ballasting5047No. of BWMS using active BWMS requiring storage of chemicals2320No. of BWMS requiringstorage of waste products10 MaximumCapacity (m3/h)*16,20016,200*Maximum capacity only includes specific models listed in documentation. *Excludes one BWMS no longer available. 20 Disinfection Technologies051015202530 IMO Type ApprovedUSCG AMS21 Limitations of BWMSlLimitations for operation of BWMS are listed in IMO Final Approval documents and Type Approval Certificates and USCG AMS letters:nEnvironmental conditions Salinity Temperature UV intensitynOperational parameters min/max pressure min/max TROs Holding provides Guidancefor Administrations for consistent information and more robust and transparent type approvals22 Practical Means for Compliance with USCG BWM Regulations (at this time)lRequest extension from USCGlReview ship survey and drydockingscheduleslUSCG accepted Alternate Management system (AMS)23 USCG Extensions: Request InformationlBasis for request:nLimited availability of USCG Type-Approved BWMSnConstrained shipyard capability and capacity to install BWMSlInformation to be provided.

9 NName of vessel and vessel IMO or other official numbernTotal Ballast Water capacitynScheduled delivery date (new vessels) or last drydocking date and first scheduled drydocking after applicable compliance date (existing vessels)lExtension requests must be submitted not less than 12 months prior to the vessel-specific compliance datelMaximum duration of extension requests will not exceed 5 yearslABS developed templates available for:nNewbuildsnRetrofitnAMS with freshwater limitationnNon-operable BWMSlAdditional extensions will be required to respond to the process of type approving, purchasing and installing BWMS24 Adjusting Surveys and DrydockingslAdjusting ship survey and drydocking (DD)nVessel needs to be removed from drydock by 31 December 2015nSOLAS Safety Construction Certificate (lists completion of survey) is the document to be reviewed by USCG PSCOnSurvey report needs to clearly list undocking datenUWILDS are not considered a DDOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOc tNovDecJan201520162017 Special Periodical Survey Hull with drydocking25 Important Items to Consider with DD MovementlRequirements of classification ruleslSurvey movement may prematurely age a vessellVessel needs to be in the Water by 1 January 2016lVessel may be quaysidelNeed proper documentation26 Final PointslUnderstand the requirements and deadlineslPrepare for upcoming regulations and requirementslUnderstand ship ballasting practiceslEducate personnel and crew on upcoming requirementslReview ship survey and drydocking cycleslDevelop options for compliancelRequest assistance from ABS27 BWMS Technology EvaluationlGuidance for identifying effective solutionsnInteractive multiphase process leveraging an extensive technical and performance

10 BWMS database nDelivers a customized solution set for decision supportlKey steps of the ABS Technology evaluation are:nReview the vessel or fleet, operational and life cycle informationnProvide a preliminary list of acceptable BWMS including considerations to nuances of IMO, USCG and regional requirementsnDeliver a preliminary report for suitable BWMS Design and Operations nProvide a comparative suitability assessment operational considerationsnAssist understanding of vendor technical and service offeringsnDeliver a final report with recommended options28 Recent ABS Environmental Publicationsl2014 ABS Ballast Water Treatment Advisoryl2014 ABS Guide for Ballast Water Treatment (including BWMP template)lABS Trends on:nSulfur Oxide (SOx) Limits Reduced in ECAs (January 2015)n2013 VGP Sampling and Analysis Requirements (June 2014)n2013 Requirements for EALs (May 2014)nNew Requirement for the Upcoming 2013 VGP (October 2013)nUS Ballast Water Management Requirements (May 2013)