BASIC CONCEPT OF HOUSE WIRING

1 BASIC CONCEPT OFHOUSE WIRINGBy HarminderPal Singh, MMSPGSC conducts Assistant Electrician Skill development Course under PradhanMantriKaushalVikasYojna. Interested candidates may contact HarminderPal Singh (81465 68350) For Age Group > 15 yearsSome basics : What is Electricity ? Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles(such as electrons or protons) An electric currentis the rate of flow of electric charge past a point or region. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by electrons moving through a wire.

2 Voltage, also called electromotive force, is the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field It results in Current There are two types of currentused widely:oDirectcurrent(DC), in which electrons flow in one is widely used inlow voltage applications such as charging batteries, automotive applications, aircraft applications and low current applications. Solar panels produce DCpower oAlternating current, ( AC) in which the electric charge changes direction are Alternating CurrentImportance of Electricity ,workingfansanddomesticapplianceslikeusi ngelectricstoves,ACandmore.

3 Infactories,largemachinesworksonelectric ity. ,agriculture,cinemahouses,educationalins titutes,railways,business,entertainments andmanymoredependsuponelectricity. Hence,electricityplaysawideroleintheprog ressofanynation.> Volts : Electromotive force or potential difference, expressed in volts(V)> W: Wattis the unit of power. One wattis defined as the energy consumption rate of one joule per second. 1W = 1J / 1s. One wattis also defined as the current flow of one ampere with voltage of one is named after James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine.

4 > kW: 1000 Watt> kWh: The kilowatt-houris a unit of energy equal to 3600 kilojoules ( megajoules). 1 kWhequals one hour of electricity usage at a rate of 1 kW, and thus the 2 kWappliance would consume 2 kWhin one hour, or 1 kWhin half an hour. > The equation is simply kWx time = kWh> The kilowatt-houris commonly used as a billing unit for energy delivered to consumers by electric utilities. Some common terms usedMCB: Miniature circuit breaker : Itautomatically switches off electrical circuit during an abnormal condition or overload of the network.

5 Nowadays we usean MCBin low voltage electrical network instead of a fuseSP-MCB:A Single Pole Breakeris used with a typical 120v circuit, having one hot wire and one neutral wire. DP-MCB: However, a Double Pole Breaker is used with a typical 220v circuit (like for a dryer or heater) having two hot wires. If there is a short circuit to either hot wire, both poles are ganged together so both trip togetherBased on the number of poles, the breakers are classified as : SP Single Pole, SPN Single Pole and Neutral, DP Double pole, TP Triple Pole, TPN Triple Pole and Neutral, 4P Four : An Earth-Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) is a safety device used in electrical installations with high Earth impedance to prevent shock.

6 It detects small stray voltages on the metal enclosures of electrical equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a dangerous voltage is : Punjab State Power Corporation Limited, the agency which supplies electric power in PunjabSome common terms usedHouse WIRING (Single Phase) Singlephasesupplyconsistsofonephasewirec alledhotwireandoneneutralwireconnectedin EnergymeterbyPSPCL asinputsupply220V. Theoutput220 VsupplyistakenfromEnergymetertoMCBdistri butionbox. ELCB,DPMCB/Isolatorareusedasmaincontrol. NeutralwirefromMCBB oxneutrallinkisconnectedtoeachswitchboar dsocketandotherloads.

7 ,lightandTV,fridge,press, Anyload(singlephase) WIRING (Single Phase) WIRING DiagramCircuit Following load point are usually provided in each room:oTube lightsoFanoLamp Point/soSocketsoTVoAC load / point (on/off) is controlled by its switch connected through wire/s, MCB / fuse, etc. which makes a circuit. Opencircuit:Circuitisopenwhentheswitchis notclosed,lampisOFFinthiscircuit. Closedcircuit:Circuitisclosedwhentheswit chisclosed,nowlampisON Shortcircuit:Whenany(+)wireor(-)wirebrea ksanditgetsconnectedwithoppositepolarity , ,itmaycausedamagetocostlyitems,wire,swit ches, of CircuitGeneral Items required as per load PVC wires: Generally mm2, mm2, mm2, mm2, MCB distribution Board: 6 Way, 8W, 10W, 12W, 16W MCB s: 6 AMP,10A, 16A, 20A, 25A, 32A, (SP/SPN) RCCB or ELCB: 16A, 25A, 32A switches : 6 Amp, 16 Amp, 20 Amp Sockets: 5 Pin 6 Amp, 6 Pin-16 Amp, 20A, 25A, 32A Bell Switch: 6 Amp 2-Way Switch.

8 6 Amp Various loads in rooms DP Isolator, of different items used in HOUSE WIRING , Unit = 1000 Watt x 1 hr. OR 1 if we operate the following per day Ceiling fans (5 Nos. x 100W each) x 8 Wh Geyser-(1 No. x 1500 W) x 1 Wh Tube Lights (10 Nos. x 40 W each) x 8 Wh Total=8700 WhOR kwhOR units Say Unit Rate is day Expense: ( units x )= Monthly Expense: ( x 30 days)= ResidualCurrentCircuitBreaker(RCCB)isade vicewhichprovidesprotectioninanelectricc ircuitincaseofoverload, ,itistobeusedasamainintheMCBdistribution board. EarthLeakageCircuitBreaker(ELCB) Thereisacoil,bimetalandhammerarrangement insidethisdevice, (RCCB)/EarthLeakageCircuitBreaker(ELCB) Whensomefaultarises,thecircuitbecomesabn ormalandmorecurrentpassesthroughthecoils , ,morecurrentfromthedesignedvalvepassesth roughit, ,thecircuitisopenedwhichprovidesprotecti ontocircuit/human,etc.

9 Itisimportanttonotethat Earthing mustdoneinhousewiringandwiringshouldbeof goodqualitytoprotecthumansfromelectricsh ock. Deathsduetoshockfromelectricalappliances like,cooler,press, Pole (DP) or Single Pole and Neutral Miniature Circuit Board (SPN MCB) DPMCB canbeusedfor2-PhasesupplyorOnepoleforpha seandotherpolefornatural DP/SPNMCB canbeusedforphaseandneutral. DP/SPNMCB canbeusedasmainswitchinMCBD istributionBoard. (off)whenthereisanyshortcircuit/overload inginthecircuit. Itdoesnotrestart(getON)untilfaultisremov ed,thusprotectingcircuit. Oneshouldbecarefultoselectproperratingof devicesusedintheCKTtoachieveprotectionin electriccircuit.

10 SinglePole(SP)MCBshavethesamerole,itisus edforsinglephasesupply. ItlookslikeaDP-MCBandiscommonlyusedasama inswitchinahouseMCBDBox. Asitsnameisisolator,itcanswitchON&OFFloa djustlikeordinaryswitchesdo. Thereisnotrippingarrangementinthisdevice ,sonoprotectioncanbeachievedfromthis. BeingmuchcheaperfromDPMCB,itiscommonlyus edasamainswitchofhouse,asindependentMCB s(SP)arealwaysavailableroomwise/loadwise intheMCBBox. DPIsolatorisavailableintherating16A,20A, 25A,32 Aand63 Amp. Isolator Generally,220 Visavailableforsinglephasesupplyandwirei nsulationisratedforminimum660 Vor1100V.