Basic Course Workbook Series - California

1 California COMMISSION ON PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING. Basic Course Workbook Series Student Materials Learning Domain 30. Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics Version THE MISSION OF THE California COMMISSION ON PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING IS TO CONTINUALLY. ENHANCE THE PROFESSIONALISM OF California LAW ENFORCEMENT IN SERVING ITS COMMUNITIES. Basic Course Workbook Series Student Materials Learning Domain 30. Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics Version Copyright 2007. California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). All rights reserved. Published 1997. Revised June 2001. Revised January 2006. Revised July 2007. Correction July 2016. Revised July 2018. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical or by any information storage and retrieval system now known or hereafter invented, without prior written permission of the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, with the following exception: California law enforcement or dispatch agencies in the POST program, POST-certified training presenters, and presenters and students of the California Basic Course instructional system are allowed to copy this publication for non-commercial use.

2 All other individuals, private businesses and corporations, public and private agencies and colleges, professional associations, and non-POST law enforcement agencies in-state or out-of- state may purchase copies of this publication, at cost, from POST as listed below: From POST's Web Site: Go to Ordering Student Workbooks COMMISSION ON PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING. COMMISSIONERS. Joyce Dudley Chair District Attorney Santa Barbara county Rick Braziel Vice Chair Educator Humboldt State University Lai Lai Bui Sergeant sacramento Police Department Thomas Chaplin Chief Walnut Creek Police Department Richard DeLaRosa Mayor City of Colton Barry Donelan Sergeant Oakland Police Department Robert Doyle sheriff Marin county Geoff Long Public Member John McMahon sheriff San Bernardino county Jethroe Moore, II Public Member James O'Rourke Officer California Highway Patrol Batine Ramirez Sergeant Placer county sheriff 's Department Laurie Smith sheriff Santa Clara county Walter Vasquez Chief La Mesa Police Department Kevin Gardner Chief Representing Xavier Beccera Director of Division of Law Attorney General Enforcement Ex-Officio Member THE ACADEMY TRAINING MISSION.

3 The primary mission of Basic training is to prepare students mentally, morally, and physically to advance into a field training program, assume the responsibilities, and execute the duties of a peace officer in society. FOREWORD. The California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training sincerely appreciates the efforts of the many curriculum consultants, academy instructors, directors and coordinators who contributed to the development of this Workbook . We must also thank the California law enforcement agency executives who allowed their personnel to participate in the development of these training materials. This student Workbook is part of the POST Basic Course Training System. The Workbook component of this system provides a self-study document for every learning domain in the Basic Course . Each Workbook is intended to be a supplement to, not a substitute for, classroom instruction.

4 The objective of the system is to improve academy student learning and information retention and ultimately contribute to you becoming a peace officer committed to safety, and to the communities you will serve. The content of each Workbook is organized into sequenced learning modules to meet requirements as prescribed both by California law and the POST Training and Testing Specifications for the Basic Course . It is our hope that the collective wisdom and experience of all who contributed to this Workbook will help you, the student, to successfully complete the Basic Course and to enjoy a safe and rewarding career as a peace officer. MANUEL ALVAREZ, Jr. Executive Director LD 30: Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics Table of Contents Topic See Page Preface iv Introduction iv How to Use the Student Workbook v Chapter 1: Crime Scenes 1-1. Overview 1-1.

5 Preliminary Criminal Investigations 1-3. Preservation of a Crime Scene 1-12. Crime Scene Surveys and Searches 1-16. Search Patterns 1-20. Photographs 1-21. Crime Scene Sketches and Diagrams 1-26. Chapter Synopsis 1-34. Workbook Learning Activities 1-36. Chapter 2: Evidence Collection 2-1. Overview 2-1. Handling Evidence 2-3. Chain of Custody 2-17. Fingerprints 2-20. Developing Latent Prints 2-24. Collecting and Processing Evidence 2-30. Chapter Synopsis 2-85. Workbook Learning Activities 2-87. Supplemental Material S-1. Glossary G-1. Continued on next page LD 30: Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics i Table of Contents, Continued This page was intentionally left blank. ii LD 30: Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics Preface Introduction Student The student workbooks are part of the POST Basic Course Instructional workbooks System. This system is designed to provide students with a self-study document to be used in preparation for classroom training.

6 Regular Basic Completion of the Regular Basic Course is required, prior to exercising Course peace officer powers, as recognized in the California Penal Code and where training the POST-required standard is the POST Regular Basic Course . requirement Student The following elements are included in each Workbook : Workbook elements chapter contents, including a synopsis of key points, supplementary material, and a glossary of terms used in this Workbook . LD 30: Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics iii How to Use the Student Workbook Introduction This Workbook provides an introduction to the training requirements for this Learning Domain. You may use the Workbook in several ways: for initial learning, for test preparation, and for remedial training. Workbook To use the Workbook most effectively, follow the steps listed below. format Step Action 1 Begin by reading the: Preface and How to Use the Workbook , which provide an overview of how the Workbook fits into the POST training program and how it should be used.

7 2 Refer to the Chapter Synopsis section at the end of each chapter to review the key points that support the chapter objectives. 3 Begin reading the text. 4 Complete the Workbook learning activities at the end of each chapter. These activities reinforce the material taught in the chapter. 5 Refer to the Glossary section for a definition of important terms. The terms appear throughout the text and are bolded and underlined ( , term). iv LD 30: Crime Scenes, Evidence, and Forensics Chapter 1. Crime Scenes Overview Learning Peace officers must have a general understanding of the total range of Basic need criminal investigation procedures in order to make the appropriate decisions regarding the identification and preservation of evidence at the scene of a crime. Learning The following table identifies the student learning objectives for this chapter.

8 Objectives After completing study of this chapter, the student will be Objective able ID. identify the goal of a criminal investigation. perform the steps of a preliminary criminal investigation including: - proceed safely to the scene - determine need for emergency medical services and aid any injured persons - verify that a crime, if any, has occurred - identify and arrest the suspect(s), if appropriate - as soon as possible, provide dispatch with any suspect information including physical descriptions, direction of flight, mode of travel, and other pertinent information - contain and protect the crime scene, initiate a crime scene log and cause the proper collection of evidence - locate and interview victim(s) and/or witness(es) and identify other sources of information - collect all available information necessary to write a clear and accurate report (who, what, when, where, why and how).

9 Continued on next page LD 30: Chapter 1 Crime Scenes 1-1. Overview, Continued Learning After completing study of this chapter, the student will Objective objectives be able ID. (continued). demonstrate actions peace officers may employ to preserve possible evidence at a crime scene. identify the primary purpose of conducting a(n): - initial survey of a crime scene, and crime scene search. identify criteria for allowing crime scene photographs to be admitted as evidence by the court. identify elements to be included on a crime scene diagram. In this chapter This chapter focuses on the documentation of a crime scene that must take place prior to the collection of evidence. Refer to the table below for a specific topic. Topic See Page Preliminary Criminal Investigations 1-3. Preservation of a Crime Scene 1-12. Crime Scene Surveys and Searches 1-16.

10 Search Patterns 1-20. Photographs 1-21. Crime Scene Sketches and Diagrams 1-26. Chapter Synopsis 1-34. Workbook Learning Activities 1-36. 1-2 LD 30: Chapter 1 Crime Scenes Preliminary Criminal Investigations Introduction The role of responding peace officers to calls involving criminal activity goes well beyond that of making an arrest. The actions taken or not taken by peace officers can greatly influence the prosecutor's success in obtaining a conviction. Types of An investigation is the systematic gathering of information from a variety of investigations sources and the documentation of evidence, observations, and findings. Law enforcement agencies conduct a variety of different types of investigations including, but not limited to: background investigations ( , screening job applicants), internal investigations ( , regarding conduct of officers), permit investigations ( , prior to issuing business licenses), and criminal investigations.