Basics in Policy Analysis - Food and Agriculture Organization

1 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingBasics in Policy AnalysisHow Governments Should Design & Implement Policies FAO 2009 Byfor the FOOD AND Agriculture Organization OF THE UNITED NATIONS, FAOR esources for Policy makingBasics in Policy AnalysisHow Governments Should Design & Implement PoliciesUgo Pica-CiamarraPro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), Animal Production and Health Division EASYPol The EASYPol home page is available is a multilingual repository of freely downloadable resources for Policy making in Agriculture , rural development and food security. The resources are the results of research and field work by Policy experts at FAO.

2 The site is maintained by FAO s Policy Assistance Support Service, Policy and Programme Development Support Division, resources:See the Training PathPolicy Learning Programme 2009for other related resources. Download theProgramme Summary for background information and theOverview of the Programme Modules and Sessions for a complete list of resources developed for the Policy Learning Programme 2009. FAO Policy Learning Website: 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingObjectivesunderstand Policy analysisappreciate the relevance of Policy analysisknow the critical elements to conduct sound Policy Analysis (and design / implement sound policies)After this presentation, you should:4of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingOutline1.

3 Policy Analysis and Policy process2. Definition of Policy analysis3. Steps in Policy Analysis Identification of Policy objectives Identification / selection of Policy instruments Design Policy implementation Policy monitoring & evaluation5of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingThe Policy processPolicy Spaces External PressuresSTATEI nterest GroupInterest Group Time6of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingElements of Policy process2. Context3. Actors4. Content5. Impacts1. Livelihood/ Socio-economic assessment7of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingElements of Policy process2. Context3. Actors4.

4 Content5. Impacts1. Livelihood/ Socio-economic assessmentMain Stages Agenda settingDecision makingImplementationM&E 8of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingElements of Policy process2. Context3. Actors4. Content5. Impacts1. Livelihood/ Socio-economic assessmentMain Stages Agenda settingDecision makingImplementationM&E Policy Analysis9of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingDefinition of Policy analysisPolicy Analysis :is an applied social scienceproducing informationfor addressing Policy problemsanalyses and evaluates public Policy options .. for choice by Policy makers(Paul, 1989 et al.).10 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingPolicy Analysis versus other sciencesPolicy Analysis is not:Academic.

5 Political scienceInterest groupsCollective actionsAdvocacy ..11 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingPolicy Analysis versus other sciencesPolicy Analysis is not:Academic .. Political scienceInterest groupsCollective actionsAdvocacy .. Policy Analysis makes ample use of academic research12 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingPolicy Analysis versus other sciencesPolicy Analysis is not:Academic .. Political scienceInterest groupsCollective actionsAdvocacy .. Policy Analysis makes ample use of academic researchPolicy Analysis takes into consideration differentinterests, positions, of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingSteps in Policy of Policy and selecting Policy Policy monitoring & evaluation14 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingSteps in Policy of Policy and selecting Policy Policy monitoring & evaluation15 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making1.

6 Identification of Policy objectivesPolicy agendas present generic Policy goals / undesirable status quo ( Policy problem)-poverty reduction- increased productivity- ..Identify a causal chain explaining the status quo-brainstorming- narratives- scientific Analysis - problem ..16 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making1. Identification of Policy objectivesThe source of the problem should be selected as the Policy objective Policy agendas present generic Policy goals / undesirable status quo ( Policy problem)-poverty reduction- increased productivity- ..Identify a causal chain explaining the status quo-brainstorming- narratives- scientific Analysis - problem.

7 17 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making1. Identification of Policy objectivesExample:Problem tree Analysis of Foot & Mouth Disease OutbreakFoot & Mouth Disease Outbreak+ animal mortality- ..- household income- ..direct contacts between animalscontaminated animal feedartificial .. Policy problem effectscausesPolicy objective18 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingSteps in Policy of Policy and selecting Policy Policy monitoring & evaluation19 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making2. Identifying Policy instrumentsIdentification of alternative Policy instruments serving the Policy objective(s)experiences from other countriespublic/expert opinion pollsprofessional / academic journalsad hoc research.

8 Avian flu: cullingAvian flu: vaccinationCredit: FAONo defined rules to identify Policy instruments!!!Avian flu: culling20 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making2. Identifying Policy instrumentsHints for identifying Policy instruments:existing instruments includedno do everything instrumentrole of the State well identifiedsmall numbers to facilitate selectionExporting live animalsExporting processed goodsCredit: FAO21 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making2. Ranking Policy instrumentsHints for selecting best Policy ..EXTRAPOLATE: Ex-Ante Tool for Ranking Policy Alternatives22 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingSteps in Policy of Policy and selecting Policy Policy monitoring & evaluation23 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making3.

9 Policy Implementation Policy reform failures [..] lack of consideration of how the Policy reform is organized (Crosby, 1996) Policy implementation brings together multiple agencies and groups that are intended to work in concert (Brinkerhoff, 1996)credit: AfpKenya, drought affected areas 01 / 2006source: WHO24 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making3. Policy implementation tasks1. Policy legitimisation2. Resources3. Institutional design4. Monitoring & evaluation25 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making3. Policy implementation tasksStakeholder Analysis & political mapping to create a Policy constituency1.

10 Policy legitimisation2. Resources3. Institutional design4. Monitoring & evaluationSecuring start-up & medium / long term fundsAccountability & incentives / penalties to Policy implementers to carry out new tasksKeep Policy implementation on track & assess Policy results & impacts 26 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy makingSteps in Policy of Policy and selecting Policy Policy monitoring & evaluation27 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making4. Policy monitoring & evaluationMonitoring: .. collection of data providing indications of [..] progress in the use of inputsand achievement of outputs28 of 33 FAO 2009 Resources for Policy making4.