Basics of Material Science and Engineering

1 Basics ofMaterial Science andEngineeringIES MASTER PUBLICATION Office :Web :|Phone :| Mobile : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110 016 011-26522064 8130909220, 9711853908 New PatternforUPSC ESE ExamFirst Edition:2016 Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016 IES MASTER PUBLICATIONF-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : 011-26522064, Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908E-mail : : rights 2016, by IES MASTER Publications. No part of this booklet may be reproduced, ordistributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orotherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior permission of IES MASTER,New Delhi.

2 Violates are liable to be legally Kanchan Kumar ThakurDirector Ex-IESM aterials are the spinal chord of technology. An Engineer, regardless of which disciplinehe/she belongs to, must have sound understanding of the basic concepts of understanding of materials enables the engineers to select the most appropriatematerials and use them with greatest efficiency whilst causing minimum pollution in theirextraction, refinement and account of the above UPSE has introduced Basics of Material Science in its syllabusof Engineering Services at IES Master have tried to present the subject matter in simple, lucid and examoriented manner. At the end of each chapter exercises have been given, so that studentscould practice the questions and check their understanding of the this will suffice the need of students who are preparing for Engineering Structure and Interatomic Bonding01 Components of s Atomic s Atomic s Atomic Bonding in Structure09 Crystal Structure (Face Centred Cubic).

3 Structure (Body Centred Cubic).. Closed Packing (HCP).. Parameter Relationships and Figures ShowingUnit Cell Geometries for the Seven Crystal in of Grain Deformation of Polycrytalline 25 CONTENTS(vi) Diagrams33 Type of Phase Diagram Phase Between the Phase Diagram and Properties of of Carbide Phase Rate Effects and TTT Diagrams,Microstructure and Property Changes in Fe-C of Alloying Elements on Phase of Alloying Element on , Mechanical Properties and Testing of Material61 Properties of Properties of and its Various Types92 and its 102 Contents(vii) Treatment115 Properties of Materials131 of Magnetic (M).

4 Of Permanent Magnetic of Magnetic Hysteresis Loop (or Cycle Magnetization).. Magnetic Magnetic Materials (Permanent Magnet Materials).. 149(viii) Energy (Product) Hard Magnetic Materials (HEHMMs).. Conductivity of Metals156 s Law (Point Form).. Free Path (l).. Affecting Resistivity of of Resistivity Conducting Resistivity Conducting of of Conducting Ceramic Mechanism of Conduction in Semiconductors180 of Materials in Terms of Energy of Semiconducting of Elemental of Fermi Level in Extrinsic of Effect in of Semiconductor (Compound and Alloyed) Semiconducting of Semiconductor 192 Contents(ix)

5 Of Thin Film Microelectronic and Thermal Properties of Materials205 Properties of Properties of Properties of Range of Light Properties of Absorption in Ionic Emitting 223(x) of Polymer and Typical Applications of Few Plastic of Polymers under Different Applications of of Behaviour of and Processing of and Glass Cement Concrete (RCC).. Advances in 266 Contents(xi) Reinforced of Fibre Orientation and Matrix Matrix Performance Ratio and Behaviour of Fibres, Matrix and molding compounds (BMCs).

6 Non-porous Corrosion (Occurs in Presence of a Liquid or Water).. of of of Method of Avoid in Material Science296 Materials (or Intelligent Materials).. Memory Type of Smart 297(xii) Graded Materials (FGMs).. 306