Basics of Submarine System Installation and Operation

1 Summary of Undersea Fiber Optic Network Technology and SystemsBy Adam Markow Senior Telecom AnalystThe source of many of the slides is from The David Ross Group view of the Global Submarine cable Network (TeleGeography)Undersea System ElementsRepeatered ExamplesRepeatersBranching UnitSubmarineCableTerminalStationsTranso ceanic NetworkCoastal NetworkUsing the same elementsUndersea System Elements -Non-Repeatered Examples Inter-island NetworkSubmarineCableTerminalStationsCoa stal NetworksUsing the same elementsTrunk & BranchFestoonRepeaterless vs.

2 Repeatered: Limited to <400 km span lengths Sometimes, but not always Less expensive initially More flexible long term Less expensive to operate & maintain More complex to upgrade Historical advantages of repeaterless offset today by current market oversupplyof repeatered production capability and inventoryThe choice between repeatered & repeaterlessmust be made on a case by case basisSource The David Ross SectionConnecting a Terrestrial Network with and Undersea SystemN x STM-1oTelehouseSLTE Submarine Line Termination Power Feed

3 Equipment (pushes constant current of ~ A across undersea cable link from CS to CS)Ocean groundBackhaulConnectionN x STM-64)ADMADMC able Station & Beach ManholeADMC able Station Floor PlanGCL cable Station Requirements:At least 17,000 square feet (~1900m2) of total areaRaised floor, with minimum load tolerance of 500 kg/m2 Useable height of at least cable vaultsDC -48v power, with battery backup for at least 1 Engine emergency backupHVAC to maintain room temperature between 22 - 24 CRing GroundFire/smoke detection.

4 With connection to emergency/control center24 hour access for maintenance and repairTransmission EquipmentCollocation for backhaulMeeting/training roomBatteryCable Station Transmission ComponentsLINE PAIR #1 LINE PAIR #4 OpticalConnectionsof Terrestrial Linkconnecting to Data CenterLineMonitoringEquipmentUndersea CableLineCurrentPowerFeedEquipment Orderwire & MaintenanceSDHT erminalCableStationSLTEO rderwire & MaintenanceSDHT erminalSLTELand Plant Line Terminating Equipment OpticalLineToUndersea CableLine AmplifierDWDMW avelength TerminatingEquipmentHighPerformanceOptic alEquipmentToSDHE quipment 1- NN21 Land Plant Line Terminating EquipmentSource NECORX ShelfSTM-16 Timing GeneratorOHTRMFECDECODEROHT iming GeneratorOHTRMFECDECODEROHT iming GeneratorOHTRMFECDECODEROH10G GeneratorOHTRMFECDECODEROHFEC DECDMUXFRMSYNC&DSCRDSCR ShelfOHINSTIMING GENERATORFECENCODEROHOHINSTIMING GENERATORFECENCODEROHOHINSTIMING GENERATORFECENCODEROHOHINSFECENCODEROHFE C

5 COD10G ORXSTM-16 STM-16 STM-16 Source The David Ross Plant SDH Ring TerminalOptical Line ToUndersea CableLine AmplifierWavelengthTerminatingEquipmentH igh PerformanceOptical EquipmentNetworkProtectionEquipmentSDH MultiplexEquipmentDuplicated Per Fiber PairSource The David Ross Plant Network Management EquipmentPower Feed EquipmentLine MonitoringEquipmentUndersea Line EquipmentTLAWTEHPOESDHI nland Network (optional)Vendor Equipment Element ManagersNetwork ManagementSystem EquipmentNetwork ManagementSystem WorkstationSource The David Ross Plant Power Feed EquipmentHV PFE ConfigurationPR1800 mmCONV(4)CONV(3)CONV(2)COMCONV(5)CONV(1) PR2800 mmCONV(9)CONV(8)CONV(7)COMCONV(6)PM800 mmCURR CONT& C/V SENSORLT800 mmLOAD TRFCOMNSW800 mmSW&RETURN& EARTH TESTTL2TL1800 mmFANTEST LOAD800 mmTEST LOADFANRECORDEROPE & MONI1,800 mm*The depth of the frame.

6 600mmBLANKS ource KDD SCSC able Station and Beach Manhole2025 Taft Street - Hollywood, FloridaThe optronic connection that starts at Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) in the cable Stationand then continues to the ODF at the City Service Point, the Telehouse. Then a separate connection of the circuit is made to the frame of the carrier who will then take traffic back to the end customer premise. Global Crossing Backhaul in Hollywood, FloridaCable StationUndersea cable Landing Configuration Submerged Plant Beach Manhole Shore Section Land Sections Terminal Station Terminal Station EquipmentLand SectionLand SectionBeach ManholeBeach ManholeTerminal StationTerminal StationPower FeedPower FeedEquipmentEquipmentOptical & Optical & TransmissionTransmissionEquipmentEquipme ntRepeaterRepeaterCableCableNetwork Network ManagementManagementBranching UnitBranching UnitYes.

7 The cable really does rest on the Ocean Floor! cable ShipRepeaterSubmarine MountainSubmarine cable South America Physical Map South America ERZ border at 12 nmi South American Crossing Segmentsare mostly outsideof the ERZERZ = Economic Resource ZoneInstalling a Submarine cable SystemSource The David Ross Long LinesLONG LINESYEAR OF BUILD: 1963 LENGTH: BREADTH: DRAUGHT: DEPTH: FLAG: UNITED STATES OF AMERICASHIPBUILDER: DEUTSCHE WERFT HAMBURGCOUNTRY OF BUILD: FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANYSTATUS.

8 IN SERVICE/COMMISSIONC able Ship Profile Tyco TelecomG129428 cable Laying and BurialPhases of cable System Network Planning, Finance & Procurement Carrier Partnership Business Plan Preliminary Network Design & Desktop study Finance Procurement Survey Route engineering Network engineeringDeployment License & Permits Terminal Station Construction Manufacturing- Undersea and Land Plant Undersea Plant Assembly & Load Undersea Installation Shore end and cable burial Deep water i Branching unit Final Splice Terminal Station Installation Commissioning & Acceptance ServiceService.

9 Operations & Maintenance System Provisioning Station & NOC Operations cable Maintenance agreement ( cable recover, splicing, repair, relay, rebury) Network UpgradesSurvey VesselInstallation ShipSea Plow for CableBurial OperationMaintenance VesselSt. Croix Shore End - SAC,2000 After years and the cable should break, the cable must be Plant Land Cables Terminal StationsLand Plant Land CablesHigh DensityPolyethyleneJacketCopper/Stainles s SteelBimetal ArmorCore TubeFilling CompoundLightpack Fiber Bundle4-48 FibersTMColor Coded BinderHelical Lay WireStrength MembersFiber CableSource - TycomLand Plant Land CablesPolyethylene JacketPolyethylene JacketCopper TapeCopper TapeSemiconductor LayerSemiconductor LayerInsulationInsulationStrand ScreenStrand Screen#6 Copper Conductor#6 Copper ConductorPower

10 CableSource - TycomLand Plant Terminal Station Equipment Line Terminating Equipment High Performance Optical Equipment Wavelength Terminating Equipment Line Amplifiers SDH Network Protection Equipment SDH Multiplex Equipment Line Monitoring Equipment Network Management Equipment Power Feed Equipment Synchronization Equipment Test EquipmentTerminal Stations Typically terminate undersea signals, and interface with domestic network Most often very close to beach Construction & features very similar to other telecom offices, such as Central Offices, but include some unique aspects In multi-point coastal systems, costs can become significant element of network cost.