Example: marketing

BECOMING A HOMEPLACE - Virginia History

BECOMING A HOMEPLACEM ortar and pestle, fired-clay vessel, and replica of an axe ( Virginia Department of Historic Resources)_____BECOMING A HOMEPLACET here have been people in Virginia for at least 16,000 years. The first set-tlers were descendants of those who came to North America from Asiaduring the great Ice Age. Over the course of centuries, small bands ofpeople made their way across a vast uninhabited continent, until theyreached what is now called arrived long before the forma-tion of the Chesapeake Bay. They adapted to changing environmentsover successive years, invented new technologies, and gradually increasedin number. The bands merged into tribes and the tribes into domestication of plants contributed to the formation of enduringvillages.

becoming a homeplace Mortar and pestle,fired-clay vessel,and replica of an axe ( Virginia Department of Historic Resources ) There have been people in Virginia for at least 16,000 years.

Tags:

  Becoming, Homeplace, Becoming a homeplace

Information

Domain:

Source:

Link to this page:

Please notify us if you found a problem with this document:

Other abuse

Transcription of BECOMING A HOMEPLACE - Virginia History

1 BECOMING A HOMEPLACEM ortar and pestle, fired-clay vessel, and replica of an axe ( Virginia Department of Historic Resources)_____BECOMING A HOMEPLACET here have been people in Virginia for at least 16,000 years. The first set-tlers were descendants of those who came to North America from Asiaduring the great Ice Age. Over the course of centuries, small bands ofpeople made their way across a vast uninhabited continent, until theyreached what is now called arrived long before the forma-tion of the Chesapeake Bay. They adapted to changing environmentsover successive years, invented new technologies, and gradually increasedin number. The bands merged into tribes and the tribes into domestication of plants contributed to the formation of enduringvillages.

2 These people spoke different languages and had varied population had reached about 50,000 in Virginia when the Englisharrived in POINTS Archaeology is the scientific study of material evidence remaining from man s life and cul-ture in past ages. Recent archaeological discoveries by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources indicate that Native Americans were in Virginia at least 16,000 years people continued to adapt to their changing environment in the following years. Between 6000 and 2500 , Dispersed Foragers, developed new technologies such as theatlatl, stone axe, and mortar and pestle that improved methods of hunting and food prepa-ration. During the Sedentary Forager Period (2500 to 900), people, grouped in small tribes, settled in the river valleys.

3 Technological advances included the invention of the bowand arrow for hunting and fired-clay pottery for cooking and storing food. From 900 until the English settlement of Jamestown, the native peoples evolved into a community of farmers. Hunting and gathering supplemented the bean, corn, and squash grown in cultivated A HOMEPLACE 56 BECOMING A HOMEPLACE14000 6000 EARLY HUNTERSThe earliest inhabitants of Virginia lived at the end of the Ice Age, during the time of the greatnorthern glaciers. For thousands of years, small bands of people roamed the land, hunting bison,elk, deer, and small mammals, and gathering a variety of plants. To bring down the game, butcherthe carcasses, and dress the hides, they developed a wide array of stone tools.

4 A rapid environ-mental change occurred after 8000 The cold of the Ice Age gave way to a warmer, drier cli-mate. The people adapted to the oak and chestnut forests, relying more on plants, nuts and fruits,and small animals, including deer, rabbit, turkey, and fish. Nurtured by this milder environment,populations grew Point. An early hunter of the Clovis culture, c. 9000 , flaked distinctive fluted grooves in this point. He then was able to create a knife or spearby inserting the point into the split end of a wooden shaft. ( Virginia Department of Historic Resources)In the Classroom How Native Americans Made Stone Tools 1) Native Americans remove the edges from a stone using a tool called a hammerstone, a stone used to hit large flakes off another ) The worked stone is next shaped using the hammerstone or another tool, such as an antler ) The final shape of the stone tool is made through a process called pressure flaking.

5 Pressure flaking requires small flakes to be removed from the edges of the tool by applying pressure using parts of deer antler4) The worked piece of stone can then be attached to a wooden shaft and used as a spear, arrow, or other stone would be attached to the wooden shaft using deer sinew, plant fibers,or natural glue made from the deer SocietiesRead the follow story. Describe what it would be like to participate in this early society. Why do you think the NativeAmericans are sometimes called the first environmentalists? What environmental ideas could modern man learn from thisearly society?Together with six men, the young hunter waded across the river to the jasper quarry. Along thegeological fault they searched for the yellow stone that made the best men dug at theearth with their tools, exposing the jasper and then breaking it off into pieces that could easily becarried across the river to hunters adeptly flaked the stone into knives for cutting, drills for piercing, gravers for incising,scrapers for cleaning hides and shaving wood, and wedges for splitting wood or yellowjasper flaked easily and uniformly as they hammered the stone with river highly skilledhunters in the band made the lance shaped spear points which were then hafted to wooden spears,replacing the old, worn spears were used for few days after the tools were ready.

6 The men leftthe base camp to traveled to the nearbymarshes and bogs, which attracted large in the underbrush, they waited for threemoose to stop for a drink of water. Using theirspears they charged in for the theyskinned and quartered the animals with their heavychopping and cutting tools. Once they returned tocamp, the hunters divided the meat among them-selves for their families, and the women strippedthe carcasses of bone and group that sat around the fire that night wasmade up of four families. Each member of the bandhad specific men made tools from stoneand animal bone, chopped down saplings for shel-ter, and hunted women raised the chil-dren, gathered plants, made clothing, and usedsaplings and animal hides to build shelters.

7 Every-one shared his and her talents with the weeks after the hunt, the men returned tothe quarry and gathered materials for their deplet-ed tool supply. As winter settled into the valley,three other bands arrived at the theywould remain until the spring, when all the households would disperse to find fresh young hunter looked forward to the evening gatherings, when the storyteller wouldspin his these stories, the young and the old learned the legends of creation and dailysurvival stories told them how they were connected to the spirits of nature. At the gath-erings, the people would contact the good spirits through offerings, prayers, and trances, to appeasethem and drive away the bad A HOMEPLACE 7 This 1721 engraved book illustration by Bernard Picart, after Theodorede Bry, portrays Virginia Indians seated around a 2500 DISPERSED FORAGERSB lessed with varied and abundant natural resources, the people became masters of the oak andchestnut forests, moving about easily and hunting and gathering according to the seasons.

8 Theydeveloped new technologies: the spear thrower, or atlatl, for greater range and power; the axefor more efficient use in the thick forests; and the mortar and pestle for pounding and grindingnuts, seeds, and roots. Families lived in larger bands and remained mobile but within a smaller areathan before. Populations grew rapidly during this BECOMING A HOMEPLACEM ortar and pestle; axe, 5000 (Both: Virginia Department of Historic Resources)In the MuseumThe Spear Thrower/AtlatlFind the replica of a spear do you think this invention wasso valuable to these early hunters?What advantages did it providethem?In the ClassroomActivity DescriptionIndians of this time period did not develop skills of using iron or other metals for usedbone, shells, and stone for utensils and the development and use of metals in otherearly 900 SEDENTARY FORAGERSP eople settled on the rich flood plains along Virginia s rivers.

9 They intensified their hunting andgathering practices and domesticated such local plants as sunflowers, squash, and amaranth (aherbaceous or shrubby plant). Two important technological advances were the innovation offired-clay vessels for cooking and storage and the bow and arrow for hunting. Indian cultureswere changing rapidly as people created specialized crafts for local use and for trade. Variousbands merged through marriage and trade to form small villages that took on simple tribal iden-tities under guidance of an A HOMEPLACE 9 Fired-clay vessel and axe head (All: Virginia Department of Historic Resources)Critical ThinkingActivity DescriptionWhy did these various bands mergetogether?

10 What positive incentives(such as trade and religion) wouldnecesitate this gathering? Discuss theimportance of the development anduse of the bow and arrow and fired-clay 900 1600 FARMERSA bout 900, the Indians of Virginia settled into large permanent villages of hundreds of peo-ple and developed a growing reliance on cultivating crops. Groups of villages which included thou-sands of residences, were united within complex economic, social, and political structures knownas chiefdoms. Chiefdoms included distinct social classes: chief, elite, priest, warrior, and common-er. Corn introduced fromMexico became a staplecrop for the expanding pop-ulation. By 1100, corn,squash, beans, and tobaccowere major crops.


Related search queries