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Benefits and Opportunities of Natural Gas Use ...

P R E PA R E D F O R A M E R I CA N P E T R O L E U M I N S T I T U T E. P R E PA R E D B Y I C F J U N E 201 7. 9300 L E E H I G H WAY | FA I R FA X VA. Benefits and Opportunities of Natural Gas Use, Transportation, and Production blank page COPYRIGHT 2017 American Petroleum Institute. All rights reserved. Warranties and Representations. ICF, as the preparer of this study, endeavors to provide information and projections consistent with standard practices in a professional manner. Neither ICF, nor API MAKE ANY WARRANTIES, HOWEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING WITHOUT. LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR.)

Key Observations and Findings Benefits and Opportunities of Natural Gas Use, Transportation, & Production Introduction: This report describes how natural gas and its associated liquids (lease condensate and natural gas plant liquids) contribute to the U.S. economy both at a national level and in terms of the economies of individual states.

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1 P R E PA R E D F O R A M E R I CA N P E T R O L E U M I N S T I T U T E. P R E PA R E D B Y I C F J U N E 201 7. 9300 L E E H I G H WAY | FA I R FA X VA. Benefits and Opportunities of Natural Gas Use, Transportation, and Production blank page COPYRIGHT 2017 American Petroleum Institute. All rights reserved. Warranties and Representations. ICF, as the preparer of this study, endeavors to provide information and projections consistent with standard practices in a professional manner. Neither ICF, nor API MAKE ANY WARRANTIES, HOWEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING WITHOUT. LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR.)

2 PURPOSE), AS TO THIS MATERIAL. Specifically but without limitation, ICF and API make no warranty or guarantee regarding the accuracy of any forecasts, estimates, or analyses, or that such work products will be accepted by any legal or regulatory body. Waivers. Those viewing this Material hereby waive any claim at any time, whether now or in the future, against ICF or API, their respective officers, directors, employees or agents arising out of or in connection with this Material. In no event whatsoever shall ICF or API, their respective officers, directors, employees, or agents be liable to those viewing this Material.

3 Blank page Key Observations and Findings Benefits and Opportunities of Natural Gas Use, Transportation, & Production Introduction: This report describes how Natural gas and its associated liquids (lease condensate and Natural gas plant liquids) contribute to the economy both at a national level and in terms of the economies of individual states. The economic contribution is estimated for the historical year of 2015 and is projected to 2040 under three scenarios drawn from EIA's AEO. Scope: Economic impacts are measured in terms of the number of jobs that are supported, the wages paid for those jobs, and the total value added (that is, the contribution to the national GDP and to its constituent state products).

4 A unique feature of this report is that it defines the Natural gas value chain as going all the way through consumption to include the economic activity of converting the Natural gas to other products and useful energy services. Base Year Results: Shown to the right are the job counts, Direct, Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts: 2015. wages and value added by three segments of the Natural gas Employment (# Labor Income Value Added value chain: end use, infrastructure, and production. The Segment of Workers) ($ million) ($ million). end use segment is made up of the industries that convert End-Use 1,788,207 106,941 271,663.

5 Natural gas and its associated liquids to electricity, Infrastructure 1,282,306 84,341 167,624. petrochemical and other products and the industries that Production 1,033,510 78,204 111,390. manufacture, sell, install and maintain gas-fired appliances and All Segments 4,104,023 269,486 550,677. equipment used in the residential, commercial, vehicle and industrial sectors. The end use segment is the largest of the three with of the total jobs. The infrastructure segment which is made up of gatherers, gas processing, petroleum refining, Natural gas distribution, and propane distribution contributes of the 2015 total jobs.

6 The production segment consisting of oil and gas production companies and their suppliers of goods and services contributes the remaining of 2015 total Natural gas value chain jobs. Forecast Results: Estimates for total jobs (direct, indirect and induced) through 2040 are shown to the right for the three AEO. cases. The growth rate in employment for the Reference Case is per year from 2015 to 2040 when total jobs reach million. Due to the increased amount of oil and gas produced and consumed in 2016 High Oil and Gas Resource Case, the rate of growth in employment is higher in that case at per year. By 2040 there are million more jobs compared to the Reference case.

7 The 2015 High Oil and Gas Resource Case falls in between the other two cases with an average growth rate in total employment of per year. The results for wages show similar tends among the three cases. The forecasted direct, indirect and induced value added for all three segments combined grows from $551 billion in 2015 to $934 billion in the Reference Case, an annual growth rate of The 2016 High Oil and Gas Resource Case has a higher growth rate of per year and reaches $1,008 billion by 2040. The 2015 High Oil and Gas Resource Case also grows faster ( per year) than the Reference Case and reaches $967 billion by 2040.

8 Exports: The Natural gas value chain contributes substantially to exports of commodities. In 2015 gas-related exports totaled over $ billion. This includes primary hydrocarbons, refined petroleum products, petrochemicals, fertilizers, plastics and resins. The fastest growth in Natural gas value chain exports are expected to be in LNG exports and petrochemicals with substantial growth also expected in pipeline Natural gas and NGLs. Such exports are expected grow at annual rates of to per year, which is 60% to 70% faster than the overall Natural gas value chain. Conclusion: The Natural gas value chain touches all states and a large number of industrial sectors supporting of all non-farm jobs and contributing of the national economy (GDP).

9 These contributions to the economy are expected to grow in the future under each of the AEO. scenarios examined here. Benefits & Opportunities June, 2017. Table of Contents Executive Summary .. 1. 1. 13. Scope of Study and Natural Gas Consumption by Sector .. 13. Definition of the Natural Gas Value Chain .. 14. Natural Gas Value Chain Includes Only Domestic Gas Sources .. 15. 2. General Discussion of 17. Base Year Economic Impacts .. 17. Estimation of Jobs and Wages .. 18. Calculation of Value Added .. 19. 3. Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids Supply and Delivery Value Chain Links .. 21. 21. Gas Gathering .. 27. Gas Processing.

10 29. Energy Pipelines .. 35. Natural Gas Distribution .. 39. Natural Gas Storage .. 42. Imports and Supplemental Natural Gas Supplies .. 45. Summary of Natural Gas Supply Chain .. 45. Transportation and Distribution of NGLs .. 46. Crude Oil and Condensate Refinery .. 46. 4. Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids 49. Natural Gas Combustion End-Uses .. 49. Natural Gas Use as a Feedstock .. 60. Natural Gas Liquids Used as a Feedstock .. 66. 5. Jobs and Value Added in 2015 .. 78. Introduction and Summary .. 78. 2015 Impacts by Natural Gas Value Chain Segment .. 88. Natural Gas End Uses .. 90. 6. Forecast Activity, Jobs and Value Added to 2040.


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