Best Available Techniques for Preventing and Controlling ...

1 Activity 2: Approaches to Establishing BAT Around the WorldBEST Available Techniques (BAT) FOR Preventing AND Controlling INDUSTRIAL pollution Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Preventing andControlling Industrial pollution Activity 2: Approaches to Establishing Best Available Techniques Around the World 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS BEST Available Techniques FOR Preventing AND Controlling INDUSTRIAL pollution OECD 2018 Picture on the Cover page: OECD 2018 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD, 2 rue Andr -Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018), Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Preventing andControlling Industrial pollution , Activity 2: Approaches to Establishing Best Available Techniques Around the World, Environment,Health and Safety, Environment Directorate, the OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organisation in which representatives of 35 industrialised countries in North and South America, Europe and the Asia and Pacific region, as well as the European Commission, meet to co-ordinate and harmonise policies, discuss issues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems.

2 Most of the OECD s work is carried out by more than 200 specialised committees and working groups composed of member country delegates. Observers from several countries with special status at the OECD, and from interested international organisations, attend many of the OECD s workshops and other meetings. Committees and working groups are served by the OECD Secretariat, located in Paris, France, which is organised into directorates and divisions. The Environment, Health and Safety Division publishes free-of-charge documents in twelve different series: Testing and Assessment; Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring; Pesticides; Biocides; Risk Management; Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology; Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds; Chemical Accidents; Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers; Emission Scenario Documents; Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials; and Adverse Outcome Pathways.

3 More information about the Environment, Health and Safety Programme and EHS publications is Available on the OECD s World Wide Web site ( ). This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organisation Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen co-operation and increase international co-ordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organisations are FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote co-ordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organisations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment.

4 FOREWORD 3 BEST Available Techniques FOR Preventing AND Controlling INDUSTRIAL pollution OECD 2018 Foreword The Best Available Techniques (BAT) concept has emerged as a key policy tool to prevent and control industrial emissions, thus ensuring a high level of environmental and human health protection. BAT and similar concepts constitute essential elements for setting emission limit values and other permit conditions for industrial emissions in many countries around the world. The implementation of BAT or similar concepts generally requires a high level of resources. There is thus added value in sharing experience and knowledge amongst OECD Member countries and Partner countries on this issue. The OECD Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology at its 54th meeting in February 2016 therefore approved a new project on BAT for Preventing and Controlling industrial chemical pollution .

5 The project consisted of three activities: (i) compile information on policies and practices embodying BAT; (ii) exchange information on how governments gather information on Techniques and establish BAT; and (iii) assess methodologies for evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and practices embodying BAT or similar concepts by using Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) information or monitoring data. Building on the Activity 1 report, this report constitutes the final deliverable of Activity 2, aiming to provide governments with good practice insights on how to effectively design or review their approach to establishing BAT or similar concepts. Information analysed in this report was collected through: (i) extensive contact with national experts, notably the members of OECD s designated Expert Group on BAT, through a survey, subsequent information exchange and visits to selected countries; and (ii)desk research, based on the consultation of online websites, publications and otherresources.

6 The draft report was reviewed at the Second Meeting of the Expert Group onBAT in November 2017. All the experts that have contributed to the report areacknowledged in Annex report is an output of the OECD Environment Directorate. It was prepared under the supervision of the OECD's designated Expert Group on BAT and published under the responsibility of the Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology of the OECD. The report was prepared by Marit Hjort and Takaaki Ito (OECD Secretariat), and benefitted from excellent consultancy work by An Derden and Liesbet Van den Abeele (VITO) as well as Ram Lal Verma, Guilberto Borongan, Timothy Lam and Mara Regine Mendes (Asian Institute of Technology). Hannah Thabet (OECD Secretariat) provided indispensable editorial guidance. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS BEST Available Techniques FOR Preventing AND Controlling INDUSTRIAL pollution OECD 2018 Table of contents Foreword.

7 3 Abbreviations and acronyms .. 8 Executive summary .. 12 Key characteristics of procedures to determine BAT .. 12 Methodology .. 14 14 Target countries and 14 Data collection .. 15 Note ..16 Chapter 1. The Russian Federation: A standardised methodology to establish BAT .. 17 Introduction .. 18 BAT reference documents .. 18 Emission limit values associated with BAT .. 25 Attributes and limitations .. 26 Notes .. 27 References .. 28 Chapter 2. Korea: A standardised methodology to establish BAT .. 30 Introduction .. 31 BAT reference documents .. 31 Emission limit values associated with BAT .. 35 Attributes and limitations .. 36 References .. 37 Chapter 3. The United States: Procedures to establish technology-based performance standards .. 38 Introduction .. 39 Technology-based performance standards for emissions to air .. 39 Technology-based performance standards for emissions to water .. 49 Other BAT-related initiatives .. 51 Attributes and limitations.

8 51 Notes .. 52 References .. 52 Chapter 4. The European Union: A standardised methodology to establish 55 Introduction .. 56 Industrial Emissions Directive: BAT reference documents and BAT Conclusions .. 57 Extractive Waste Directive: BAT reference document .. 65 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 BEST Available Techniques FOR Preventing AND Controlling INDUSTRIAL pollution OECD 2018 Eco-Management and Audit Scheme Regulation: Sectoral Reference Documents and Best Practice Reports .. 66 Hydrocarbons sector: BAT reference document .. 68 Medium Combustion Plant Directive: report on best Available , and emerging, technologies .. 69 Attributes and limitations .. 69 Notes .. 71 References .. 72 Chapter 5. India: Procedures to develop comprehensive industry documents and national emission standards .. 74 Introduction .. 75 Minimal National Standards (MINAS) and the Comprehensive Industry Document Series (COINDS) .. 75 A local example of BAT development: The Indo-German Environment Partnership in Gujarat.

9 83 Other BAT-related initiatives .. 85 Attributes and limitations .. 86 Notes .. 87 References .. 88 Chapter 6. The People s Republic of China: A standardised methodology to identify Available technologies .. 90 Introduction .. 91 Guidelines on Available Technologies of pollution prevention and Control .. 92 Emission limit values associated with the GATPPCs .. 101 Other BAT-related initiatives .. 104 Attributes and limitations .. 110 Notes .. 111 References .. 112 Chapter 7. New Zealand: Procedures to establish best practical options .. 114 Introduction .. 115 National Environmental Standards .. 115 Establishing BPO under environmental permits .. 116 Establishing BPO under National Policy Statements .. 117 Guidance documents for prevention and control of industrial emissions .. 118 Attributes and limitations .. 119 Notes .. 120 References .. 121 Chapter 8. International BAT initiatives .. 123 The World Bank Group s Industry Sector Guidelines.

10 124 BAT and BEP guidance under the Minamata Convention on Mercury .. 127 BAT guidelines under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants .. 129 UNIDO s work on BAT implementation in developing countries .. 130 BAT projects in the EECCA region .. 130 References .. 131 Chapter 9. Key insights .. 132 BAT terminology and reference documents .. 133 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS BEST Available Techniques FOR Preventing AND Controlling INDUSTRIAL pollution OECD 2018 The legal status and function of BAT versus ELVs .. 133 Procedures to determine BAT .. 134 Attributes and limitations .. 135 Annex A. Selection of target industrial sectors .. 142 Selected target sectxors .. 142 Criterion 1: The number of countries in which the sector is subject to the implementation of BAT142 Criterion 2: The sector s relevance regarding emission reductions of chemicals in the environment .. 143 Criterion 3: The sector s willingness to participate in the project .. 144 References.