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Best Management Practices: Agricultural Waste Management

B E S T M A N A G E M E N T P R A C T I C E S. Agricultural Waste Management Agriculture and Forestry Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment Table of Contents SECTION A. Introduction .. 1. Farm Waste .. 3. Best Management practices .. 5. SECTION B. Livestock and Poultry Waste Management .. 6. Manure handling and Storage .. 8. Odour Management in Barns and Manure Storage Areas .. 14. Feedlot Management .. 17. Land Application .. 19. Manure Treatment .. 23. Fly Control .. 25. Milkhouse Waste .. 26. Livestock Pasturing .. 33. Waste Forage .. 37. Seepage From Farm Silos .. 38. Dead Stock Disposal .. 39. SECTION C. Potato/Vegetable Waste Management .. 42. SECTION D. Farm Plastics and Other Wastes .. 45. Section A - Introduction griculture is the Describe Management and largest contributor facility options for dealing of any resource sector, with Waste .

nitrous oxide block the escape of heat energy and produce a warming trend in the earth’s atmosphere. Crop growth requires carbon dioxide while animal production and vehicle operation emit carbon dioxide. Improved treatment, handling and utilization of manure offers the greatest potential for the reduction of these gases from agricultural sources.

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  Practices, Handling, Oxide, Nitrous oxide, Nitrous

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Transcription of Best Management Practices: Agricultural Waste Management

1 B E S T M A N A G E M E N T P R A C T I C E S. Agricultural Waste Management Agriculture and Forestry Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment Table of Contents SECTION A. Introduction .. 1. Farm Waste .. 3. Best Management practices .. 5. SECTION B. Livestock and Poultry Waste Management .. 6. Manure handling and Storage .. 8. Odour Management in Barns and Manure Storage Areas .. 14. Feedlot Management .. 17. Land Application .. 19. Manure Treatment .. 23. Fly Control .. 25. Milkhouse Waste .. 26. Livestock Pasturing .. 33. Waste Forage .. 37. Seepage From Farm Silos .. 38. Dead Stock Disposal .. 39. SECTION C. Potato/Vegetable Waste Management .. 42. SECTION D. Farm Plastics and Other Wastes .. 45. Section A - Introduction griculture is the Describe Management and largest contributor facility options for dealing of any resource sector, with Waste .

2 To the economy of Prince Edward Compare the potential impact Island. It is also a large generator of various options. of Waste materials. List contacts and other sug- This booklet is a practical gested readings. guide to help the Agricultural community continue to be more It will not answer every ques- environmentally responsible and tion on Waste Management but gain maximum return from their it can help make decisions on Waste resources. Achieving farm planning and day-to-day environmental objectives in an operations. increasingly competitive busi- ness climate requires access to the best and most up-to-date Environmental Farm Plans information available. This booklet will: This booklet is designed to be Provide practical information used as a supplemental resource to maximize the benefits and document to the Environmental minimize negative impacts of Farm Plan workbook developed handling Waste .

3 By the Atlantic Farmers Council. Look at the environmental Farm plans are developed by risks associated with some individual farm families to help Waste Management practices . them identify areas of potential environmental risk on their farm. The planning process begins with an individual farm review under each of the following categories: soil and site characteristics farmstead and homestead livestock and poultry soil and crop Management sensitive ecological areas hedgerows Agricultural Waste Management 1. The next step is to develop an Introduction action plan to address identified areas of concern. Farmers need outlines the environmental to analyze their situation and de- challenge presented by agricul- cide what can be done and when.

4 Tural Waste Management . Farm planning highlights introduces how best manage- opportunities for pursuing both ment practices can be used on business and environmental ob- the farm to protect, conserve jectives at the same time. Plan- and reuse resources while ning will also help farm operators minimizing negative impacts decide what tradeoffs might be on the environment. effective when business and environmental objectives com- pete. Understanding the best Livestock and Poultry Management practices is an Waste Management essential part of developing a sustainable farm plan. discusses Waste Management in the livestock and poultry Technical advice is available sectors. from the Department of Agricul- emphasis is placed on manure ture and Forestry and Depart- Management , feedlot and pas- ment of Fisheries, Aquaculture ture Management , milkhouse and Environment.

5 Wastes and dead stock disposal. This booklet is presented in four sections: Horticultural Waste Management discusses potato, other vege- table and fruit wastes. highlights the environmental concerns associated with handling wastes. suggests acceptable options for disposal. Farm Plastics discusses the best manage- ment practices for handling farm plastics in both the livestock and horticultural sectors. 2 Agricultural Waste Management Farm Waste he first goal of any Waste In addition to these, all farm Management system is to operations generate plastic Waste maximize the economic material ranging from silage wrap benefit from the Waste to pesticide or drug containers. resource and maintain acceptable environmental standards. To be practical, the system must also be Management that puts into affordable and suitable to the practice the principles of the operation.

6 If wastes are not four Rs of Reduce, Reuse, properly handled they can pollute Recycle and Recover is the surface and groundwater and best first option: contribute to air pollution. Reduce the amount of Waste Most people think of manure product generated;. first when they think of farm Reuse the Waste product on Waste . While manure is an impor- the farm or provide it for tant component, farm Waste in a others to use; and livestock operation can also After reducing and reusing as include Waste forage, dead stock, much of the Waste product as silage effluent and milkhouse possible, recycle the product Waste . In horticultural operations, either on-farm, such as with culls, diseased product, wash line land application of manure, sediment and processing plant or off-farm, such as with plastic wastes are common by-products.

7 Recycling programs. Recover methane gas from manure Waste . Only after considering the four Rs should farm Waste be disposed of. Agricultural Waste Management 3. Farm Waste By-product and handling are substandard as a Resource these wastes can degrade the environment on and off the farm. Many farm by-products can be economically valuable resources when managed correctly. Ma- Relevant Guidelines and nure, for example, is a valuable Regulations resource because of its fertilizing and soil conditioning properties. Farmers should be aware of the Horticultural washwater can be environmental guidelines and economically recycled. Farm regulations which apply to farm plastics can be recycled or operations in Prince Edward reused. If systems for storage Island.

8 These are: Provincial National PEI Pesticide Control Act Pest Products Control Act PEI Plant Health Act Fisheries Act PEI Planning Act Canadian Farm Building Code 1990. PEI Wildlife Conservation Act Canadian Code of Practice for Environmentally Sound Hog Production (Canadian Pork Council). PEI Environmental National Building Code Protection Act of Canada PEI Guidelines for Disposal of Cull Potatoes PEI Guidelines for Disposal of Dead Farm Livestock Guidelines for Manure Management for PEI. PEI Farm practices Act These documents are available from Island Information Service and local, federal and provincial resource departments. 4 Agricultural Waste Management Best Management practices he best Management not acceptable to be competitive practices (BMPs) re- in the global marketplace at the ferred to in this booklet expense of the environment.

9 Are practical guidelines drawn from research and on-farm experience. They also reflect Water Best Management practices relevant regulatory requirements All water for human consump- integrate principles of and approved guidelines. tion and most water for other production, business purposes on Prince Edward Island comes from groundwater. goals, sustainability and The Challenge Because the upper layer of soil is environmental quality generally thin and the underlying Our society is increasingly bedrock aquifer is extensively in farm resource concerned with the environmen- fractured, all areas on the Island Management systems. tal consequences of all activities. are susceptible to groundwater Farming operations are no contamination. exception.

10 Fish and wildlife are dependant Our dependence on ground- on clean surface water resources water, the delicate balance of our and their abundance contributes coastal estuaries and the eco- to the Island economy through nomic importance of tourism tourism, sportfishing, hunting, each provide ample reason to trapping and wildlife observation. use the best Management prac- Coastal estuaries of Prince tices to handle wastes. Edward Island have some of the most productive shellfish grounds in North America. Green Consumerism Accepting the environmental challenge and projecting a Climate public image of good environ- Agricultural activities both mental stewardship can provide absorb and produce green- producers with a competitive house gases.


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