Best Practices MANUAL - ATC EUROPE LIMITED

1 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (2 EHN)Best PracticesMANUALATCA SECTOR GROUP OFCopyright (2004) Document 79 Product StewardshipPrepared by the 2 EHN Industry Work Group (EHNIWG)August 2004 IndexSection 1 Cetane Number EHN Industry Work Product Customer Legal Notice6 Section 2:Composition6 Section 3:Hazard Emergency Potential Health Acute Health Chronic Health Environmental Energetic Properties7 Section 4:First Aid Skin Eye Notes to Physicians8 Section 5:Fire Fighting Suitable extinguishing Special fire fighting Special protective equipment for firefighters9 Section 6:Accidental Release Personal Environmental Small Large Spills onto water10 Page 2 of 24 Section 7:Handling and Materials of Elastomers and Storage Storage Heat Containment wall or Drum Product Product handling - loading, unloading, Tank to tank Piping / Lines / Equipment clean-up12 Section 8:Exposure controls and personal Exposure Limit Exposure Personal Protective Respiratory Hand Eye Skin protection13 Section 9:Physical and Chemical Properties14 Section 10:Stability and Conditions to Materials to Hazardous decomposition products15 Section 11:Toxicological Acute Health Oral (ingestion) Dermal (Skin) Corrosivity/irritation Skin Chronic Health Effects16 Page 3 of 24 Section 12:Ecological Persistence and Bioaccumulation Other adverse effects16 Section 13:Disposal Information17 Section 14:Transport Information17 Section 15:Regulatory EU Classification 18 Section 16.

2 Other Emergency Procedures for 2 EHN18 Appendix 1 Responsible Care 19 Appendix 2 Explanation of the thermal ignition critical 4 of 24 Section Cetane Number Improver2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2 EHN) is used to raise the cetanenumber of diesel 2 EHN Industry Work Group (EHNIWG)The 2 EHN Industry Work Group (EHNIWG) was formed in2002 by the Technical Committee of Petroleum AdditiveManufacturers in EUROPE (ATC), an affiliate member of theEuropean Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC). It comprisedof several ATC member companies and included all theEuropean and North American manufacturers of 2 EHN,with additional input from the Oil companies Europeanassociation for environment, health and safety in refiningand distribution (CONCAWE).Members of the Industry Work Group were:Associated Octel, Bergerac NC - Groupe SNPE, ChevronOronite Co. LLC., Afton Chemical Corporation (formerly EthylPetroleum Additives, Inc.,), Exchem, Forcit, InfineumInternational LIMITED , Lubrizol, Nitron and UEE Chem, objective of EHNIWG was to develop an industryguidance document covering the Health, Safety & Environ-mental aspects and best Practices for handling MANUAL is intended to provide you with informationyou may wish to consider in establishing safe storage andhandling should always refer to the latest product MaterialSafety Data Sheet or Safety Data Sheets (MSDS/SDS s)from suppliers as these are updated on a regular basis asnew health and safety information becomes 2 EHN is not classified as an explosive substance itdemonstrates energetic properties.

3 The manufacture of2 EHN needs to be carried out by companies with anexpertise in organic nitration and production of product is supplied by manufacturers of 2 EHNto the petroleum additive industry and the Product StewardshipEHNIWG has a fundamental concern for all whomanufacture and/or use concern is the basis for our Product Stewardshipphilosophy by which we assess the safety, health andenvironmental information on our products and takeappropriate steps to protect employee and public healthand our Customer NoticeEHNIWG strongly encourages the users of 2 EHN to reviewtheir transportation, storage, use, and disposal of 2 EHNfrom the standpoint of safety, human health andenvironmental and its member companies believe theinformation and suggestions contained in this MANUAL tobe accurate and reliable as of the date of issue of thisdocument. However, since this document, furnished by EHNIWG members is provided without charge and sincetransportation, conditions of use and disposal are notwithin its control, EHNIWG members assume no obligationor liability of any kind for such assistance and do notguarantee results from use of such products or otherinformation herein.

4 No warranty, expressed or implied isgiven nor is freedom from any patent owned by EHNIWG members or others to be herein concerning laws and regulations isbased on EU and North American regulations except whenspecific reference is made to those of other conditions of use and governmental regulations maydiffer from one location to another and may change withtime, it is the customer s responsibility to determinewhether 2 EHN is appropriate for the customer s use, andto assure that the customer s workplace and disposalpractices are in compliance with laws, regulations,ordinances, and other governmental enactment applicablein the jurisdiction(s) having authority over the customer 5 of 24 Section Legal NoticeThis MANUAL was prepared by the EHNIWG. Neither theEHNIWG nor any of its member companies, theiremployees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignsmake any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume anyliability or responsibility for any use, or the results of suchuse, of any information, product, or process disclosed inthis MANUAL , or represent that its use would not infringe onprivately owned MANUAL is intended to provide helpful ideas for thoseinvolved in the manufacture and use of 2 EHN.

5 The Manualis necessarily general in nature and leaves dealing withproduct and site-specific circumstances to entities handlingthe product. The MANUAL is not designed or intended todefine, create, or terminate legal rights or EHNIWG, including any of its member companies,their employees, subcontractors, consultants, or otherassigns, does not make any warranty or representation,either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy orcompleteness of the information contained in this MANUAL ;nor does the EHNIWG, including any of its membercompanies, their employees, subcontractors, consultants,or other assigns, assume any liability of any kindwhatsoever resulting from the use of or reliance upon anyinformation, procedure, conclusion, or opinion contained inthis MANUAL , except to the extent such disclaimer of liabilitywould be in violation of law in the jurisdiction of its work is protected by copyright. The EHNIWG, whichis the owner of the copyright, hereby grants a nonexclusiveroyalty free license to reproduce and distribute thisManual, subject to the following limitations:The EHNIWG, including any of its member companies,their employees, subcontractors, consultants, or otherassigns, assumes no responsibility for the accuracy,completeness, or overall quality of any alterations,abridgement, revision, translation, or other modification ofthis copyrighted copies of the work must include a cover page bearingthe EHNIWG s and its member companies Notice ofCopyright of the of the work may not be (2004) this MANUAL follows the standard 16-section Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) / Safety Data Sheet (SDS)format for easy cross-reference to your supplier s MSDS / SDS, it shall not be used as a name:2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2 EHN)EINECS name:nitric acid, 2-ethylhexyl esterCAS No.

6 :27247-96-7 EINECS No.:248-363-6 Purity:May contain traces of unreacted residual 2-ethylhexanol and/or waterMolecular formula:C8H17NO3 Molecular 6 of 24 Section 3 Hazard Emergency OverviewCombustible liquid and by inhalation or skin contact (reduced bloodpressure and other cardiovascular effects to produce suchsymptoms as throbbing headache, confusion and possibleloss of consciousness).Possible aspiration , energetic substance with a low auto-ignitiontemperature - when heated above 100 C may undergo aself-accelerating, exothermic decomposition that causes arapid rise in temperature and pressure. Rupture of storagevessels, containers and equipment should be anticipatedwhen pressure is generated by such Potential Health Acute Health EffectsIngestionIngestion is not expected to be a primary route ofexposure. Although ingestion is not thought to produceharmful effects (as classified under US, Canadian orEuropean criteria) the material may still be damaging to thehealth of individuals with pre-existing medical ContactAlthough not classified as an irritant (according to US,Canadian or European criteria), direct contact with the humaneye has been reported to produce transient discomfort ascharacterized by watering of the eyes and ContactSkin contact with the material may produce symptoms ofvasodilation (reduced blood pressure and othercardiovascular effects to produce such symptoms asthrobbing headache, confusion and possible loss ofconsciousness) following skin absorption.

7 The aboveeffects are reversible and typically short substance is not classified as an irritant (according toUS, Canadian or European criteria) but is classified as Harmful by skin contact due to these observed effects inman. Prolonged skin contact may produce is no evidence of skin sensitisation with this of vapours may cause irritation of the mucousmembranes (nose, throat and lungs).Absorption of vapours through the respiratory tract canresult in vasodilation (reduced blood pressure and othercardiovascular effects to produce such symptoms asthrobbing headache, confusion and possible loss ofconsciousness).All the above effects are reversible and typically short Chronic Health EffectsNo reports of long term systemic Environmental Hazards2 EHN is not acutely toxic to aquatic life at the limits of itssolubility. 2 EHN is immiscible with water. The materialfloats on water and may emulsify. May form a film onwater surfaces causing impaired oxygen Energetic Properties2 EHN is an organic nitrate.

8 It undergoes a self-sustainingexothermic decomposition when it is heated above 100 product begins to decompose, giving off heat anddecomposition gases; the heat energy is absorbed by theproduct promoting further and more rapid established the decomposition reaction may 7 of 24 Section 4 First Aid MeasuresSection 5 Fire Fighting MeasuresSee supplier s MSDS for detailed first aid InhalationIf the person is affected by inhaled vapours or combustionproducts, remove the person to fresh air at once. Providerespiratory support as needed. Get prompt Skin ContactImmediately decontaminate contact area. Ensure shoesand clothing are free from material before reuse - discardif necessary. Get prompt medical attention. Eye ContactImmediately decontaminate eyes with plenty of water. Getprompt medical IngestionDO NOT induce vomiting, as aspiration of liquid productinto the lungs can cause chemical pneumonitis.

9 Getprompt medical Notes to PhysiciansTreat as organic nitrate poisoning. Symptoms ofvasodilation may be present following organic nitrate is combustible but it is not classified as a flammableliquid. The closed-cup flash point of 2 EHN is above 70 flash point is well above recommended maximumtransport, storage and handling temperature (40 - 60 C),fire and explosion hazard is to be considered very high dueto the resulting decomposition in case of chemical foam to extinguish the fire and large amountof water spray preferably via a reliable fixedsprinkler/deluge system or by sufficient firewater monitorsto cool containers and avoid catastrophic rupture of thestorage vessel. Cool containers with flooding quantities ofwater until well after fire is foam directly injected into the 2 EHNstorage vessel via a dedicated internal fixed system is themost effective extinguishing medium. Dry chemicalpowder and carbon dioxide are also effective with minorfires.

10 Sand or earth might also be used to extinguish capacity provided by firewater storage is to besufficient to deliver firewater for long enough time to putfire under control (minimum of 6 hours at the maximumusage rate is recommended).Protection of emergency personnel against smoke andcombustion gases generated by large fires is vital. Page 8 of 24 Section 6 Accidental Release Personal PrecautionsWhen conducting operations which might lead tooverexposure by skin contact or inhalation, adequatepersonal protective equipment (PPE) should be that the area is completely free from any residue ofthe Environmental PrecautionsPrevent product from entering PPE should be used to avoid exposure to skin orrisk of inhalation during clean up Suitable Extinguishing MediaFor large fires: water spray, foam(alcohol resistant preferably)For small fires: dry chemical powder or not use water Special Fire Fighting ProceduresRemoval of radiant heat from nearby fire is heat from surrounding fires can heat up tankscontaining 2 EHN, and in theory start a bulk liquid phasedecomposition with potential catastrophic effects.