BIRTH CONTROL METHOD COMPARISON CHART

1 BIRTH CONTROL METHOD COMPARISON CHART . EFFECTIVENESS PROTECTS. OTC OR. METHOD AT PREVENTING AGAINST ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES. PRESCRIPTION. PREGNANCY STIS? Highly effective No side effects, as with other methods May be difficult to abstain from all sexual Abstinence 100%. No cost activity for extended periods of time Can increase intimacy between partners Insertion may be uncomfortable (The Do not have to take every day implant is a small flexible rod that is in- Implant Progestin only-no estrogen related side-effects serted right under the skin of the inner arm.) Prescription Lasts up to 3 years Progestin-related side effects Large initial cost Nothing to put in place before intercourse Some do not change hormone levels Some may reduce period cramps and make Hormonal: Large initial cost Prescription your period lighter. For some women, periods Some IUDs can can cause hormonal side (Must be stop entirely IUD Nonhormonal: effects similar to those caused by oral inserted and Can be used while breastfeeding contraceptives, such as breast tenderness, removed by a Can be used for an extended period of time mood swings, and headaches clincian).

2 (5 years and up). The ability to become pregnant returns quickly once IUD is removed May cause adverse effects, including: irregular bleeding; amenorrhea; weight Convenient. One injection prevents gain; headache; nervousness; stomach pregnancy for 11 13 weeks pain; dizziness; weakness; depression; de- BIRTH CONTROL effects begin as soon as first creased libido. Many women who experi- Depo-ProveraM injection ence side effects during the first few months Prescription Reversible. Most women can get pregnant of use report that these decrease over time within 12-18 months of last injection. Ovulation may not recur for a year after Can be used while breastfeeding injection May cause significant bone mineral density loss M. Depo-Provera can be used in patients with sickle cell disease. 2013 American Sexual Health Association Page 1 of 4. BIRTH CONTROL METHOD COMPARISON CHART (CONTINUED). EFFECTIVENESS PROTECTS. OTC OR. METHOD AT PREVENTING AGAINST ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES.

3 PRESCRIPTION. PREGNANCY STIS? Usually permanent Highly effective Surgical Sterilizations Reversal procedures are expensive and Long lasting contraceptive solution procedure complicated Very effective against pregnancy if used Must be taken every day at the same time correctly Can't be used by women with certain medi- Oral Makes menstrual periods more regular and cal problems or with certain medications contraceptivesl 92-97% Prescription lighter Can occasionally cause side effects such ( The Pill ). Decreases menstrual cramps and acne as nausea, increased appetite, headaches, Does not interfere with spontaneity and, very rarely, blood clots Easy to use Contraceptive 92% Small Possible skin reactions Prescription patch Stays on well (but must be replaced weekly). Easy to use Can be worn for three weeks (Must be taken Increased risk of heart attack and stroke Vaginal ring 92% out and replaced monthly) Prescription Possibility of expulsion from the body Effects fertility one month at a time Does not interfere with spontaneity Emergency Reduces the risk of pregnancy by 89 percent Must be taken as soon as possible after contraceptionv when started within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse ( Morning 89% unprotected intercourse Over the counter Possible side effects, including nausea, after pill or Available over the counter to women 15 and vomiting, and iregular bleeding Plan B) older s Female sterilization involves tying off or removing portion or all of the passageway for the eggs.

4 Male sterilization tying off or removing portion of the passageway for the sperm (vasectomy). l While BIRTH CONTROL works after 7-10 days with the pill, it may take the body up to 3 months to get used to the pill and for side effects to subside. v Plan B should be taken within 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected sex, but the sooner it is taken the more effective it is. It should not be used as a primary METHOD of BIRTH CONTROL . 2013 American Sexual Health Association Page 2 of 4. BIRTH CONTROL METHOD COMPARISON CHART (CONTINUED). EFFECTIVENESS PROTECTS. OTC OR. METHOD AT PREVENTING AGAINST ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES. PRESCRIPTION. PREGNANCY STIS? Can be carried in pocket or purse Can be used while breastfeeding Can't be felt by you or your partner Requires fitting and periodic refitting Diaphragm Has no effect on natural hormones Requires insertion of additional spermicide with 88% Prescription Immediately effective before each sex act or after 2 hours have spermicide Can be inserted hours ahead of time (Should passed be left in place at least 8 hrs after intercourse to allow spermicide to work fully).

5 Widely available over the counter Easy to carry Decreases spontaneity Male 84% Actively involves the male partner in May break during use, especially if it is Over the counter condoml contraception used improperly Helps prevent STIs Requires consistent use Smaller version of the diaphragm May need to be resized Can be placed up to 6 hrs before sex Cervical While it should be left in place at least 8. Few side effects cap with 60-80% hrs after intercourse, may cause toxic shock Prescription Reusable and relatively inexpensive spermicide syndrome if left in for more than 24 hrs Requires less spermicide than a diaphragm May be difficult to insert or remove Rarely hinders the sexual experience May produce an allergic reaction May be difficult for some women to insert or remove Immediate and continuous protection for 24. Sponge 60-80% May cause vaginal irritation. Over the counter hours May make sex too messy or too dry (water- based lubricants can help with dryness).

6 L Male condoms are available in latex, polyurethane, polyisoprene, and lamb skin. Lamb skin condoms do not protect against STIs. If using latex condoms, use only water- based lubricants, not oil-based ones. 2013 American Sexual Health Association Page 3 of 4. BIRTH CONTROL METHOD COMPARISON CHART (CONTINUED). EFFECTIVENESS PROTECTS. OTC OR. METHOD AT PREVENTING AGAINST ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES. PRESCRIPTION. PREGNANCY STIS? Female-controlled Not aesthetically pleasing More comfortable to men, less decrease in Over the Can slip into the vagina or anus during sex sensation than with the male condom counter, where Female Difficulties in insertion/removal 79% Offers protection against STIs (covers both available condoms Not easy to find in drugstores or other com- internal and external genitalia) (available mon sources of condoms Can be inserted before sex online). Higher cost than male condoms Stronger than latex Free May not withdraw in time Withdrawal 78% Can be used in combination with other BIRTH Pre-ejaculate can still contain viable sperm ( Pulling Out ).

7 CONTROL METHOD Very ineffective in pregnancy prevention Fertility Awarenessl Requires no drugs or devices, but does Calendar: Requires good record keeping Rhythm (Calen- require abstaining from sex during the entire before and during use of METHOD dar) METHOD , first cycle to CHART mucus characteristics Mucus: Restricts sexual spontaneity during Basal Body 76%. Inexpensive fertile period Temperature May be acceptable to members of religious Requires extended periods of abstinence (BBT), Cervical groups Unpredictability of cycle Mucus (Ovula- tion) METHOD Vaginal Easy to insert (foam, cream, suppository, or Must be inserted before each act of inter- Spermicidej 74% jelly) course Over the counter (used alone) Enhances vaginal lubrication May leak from vagina s Do not use the female condom together with a male condom. l Calendar METHOD : Determine high-risk days or ovulation through keeping a calendar. Mucus METHOD : Must keep daily CHART of color and consistency of vaginal secretions.

8 BBT: Body temp in the morning tends to drop slightly immediately before ovulation. j Follow package instructions for insertion time, which may vary. NOTE: Percentages of effectiveness are based on the typical use of each METHOD rather than perfect use. 2013 American Sexual Health Association Page 4 of 4.