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1 1 / 1 Chap1 1 1 1840)1824) (1903) ( ( 100% EX ()() 2 / 1 ()() 1. 2Co (greenhouse effect) 2. 2So 3. Co 4. 5. R-12 R-22.

2 3 / 1 1 2 1 Thermodymaic system control Volume control surface control mass system control volume system open system isolated system 2 property ()T ()M () ()V () p ()U, ()H, ()S intensive property ()T (p) extensive property ()V, ()U, ()H, ()S extensive propertymass Ex mv mu u mH h ms s state 2 (,)ufpT= 4 / 1 z f x y u=f(P,T P T P T P T , 3.)

3 : : : : : 4. Process cycle (1) iso-baric process pc = (2) iso-choric process vc = (3) iso-thermal process Tc = (4) isotropic process sc = (5) PVc= (6) n nPVc = Ex P v P T T v T S v T 5 / 1 x P T v U H S 2211(1)0(2)abdxdxdx== v 1 3 SI m sec F ma 2sm Nt P PamNtAF==2 : = =Nt() Jm= 103=k 10M=6,10G=9 mole C 6 10 1223 1 mole O2 6 10 3223 1 or =kmole 12 1 or =kmole 32 1 4 6 / 1 KE KE 221mv PE PE mgz (E) 1.

4 F(P,v) 2 . f(T) E=KE+PE+U W Q 1-5 =kgmmvv3 ()3mkgmv = 1v = 1 6 Stress Pressure ( ) (pressure) Units: 1 pascal(Pa) = 1 N/m2 1 bar = 100kPa 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = bar 1 kgf/cm2 = = 1 atm = psi 2 U U (, ,)fPV T (,)fPT 7 / 1 ()2mNtAFP= Pa atm = 10Pa5 76 -Hg=1atm 1bar =10Pa5 gage Pressure gabsatmPP P= ()0absatmgPPPV accum pressure<< (absolute pressure) 1-50 (gage pressue) (vacuum pressure) ()PP PP= ()PPPP= 8 / 1 210.

5 0zzFmaPxPx gxz = = = 21PP P gz = = atmgageorPPgh Pgh =+= dPgdz = Pgh = Ex1 213590 = = =Pa31985 9 / 1 ()33195875013590 750 1099954P=31985 99954131939atmatmPPPPaPmmHgghPaPPatmPa = = = == = + = += 211222135901359024242410001000hghPhPhhcm SGcm = = == 1 7 - 1 8 1 9 SI C00 + + F F=32590+C SI K + = CK () + = FRR