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π-Bonding and Molecular Orbital Theory
Hence, the crystal field splitting Δ o increases and the bond between the ligand and the metal strengthens when metal to ligand bonding takes place. 3. When ligand π-orbitals are empty as well as filled: There are many ligands, like I–, which have both filled p-orbitals as well as vacant d-orbitals of π symmetry.
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