British Standard - Stalwart Technosource

1 British Standard A single copy of this British Standard is licensed to Giorgio Cavalieri on April 25, 2000. This is an uncontrolled copy. Ensure use of the most current version of this Standard by searching British standards Online at British Standard BS 5400-2: 1978. Incorporating Amendment No. 1. Steel, concrete and composite bridges . Part 2: Specification for loads Licensed Copy: Giorgio Cavalieri, ALSTOM, 25-Apr-00, Uncontrolled Copy. BSI. UDC BS 5400-2:1978. Cooperating organizations The Steel and Concrete Bridges standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific, technical and professional organizations: Association of Consulting Engineers Association of County Councils British Constructional Steelwork Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.

2 Licensed Copy: Giorgio Cavalieri, ALSTOM, 25-Apr-00, Uncontrolled Copy. BSI. British Railways Board British Steel Industry Cement and Concrete Association Concrete Society Limited Constructional Steel Research and Development Organization Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment). Department of the Environment (Transport and Road Research Laboratory). Department of Transport Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Greater London Council Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highway Engineers Institution of Municipal Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers London Transport Executive Ministry of Defence Sand and Gravel Association Ltd. Scottish Development Department Welding Institute This British Standard , having been prepared under the direction of the Steel and Concrete Bridges standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI on Amendments issued since publication 30 June 1978.

3 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments BSI 12-1999. 4209 March 1983 Indicated by a sideline in the margin The following BSI references relate to the work on this Standard : Committee reference CSB/30. Draft for comment 73/13234. ISBN 0 580 09939 3. BS 5400-2:1978. Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover Foreword vi 1 Scope 1. Documents comprising this British Standard 1. Loads and factors specified in this Part of BS 5400 1. Wind and temperature 1. 2 References 1. 3 Principles, definitions and symbols 1. Licensed Copy: Giorgio Cavalieri, ALSTOM, 25-Apr-00, Uncontrolled Copy. BSI. Principles 1. Definitions 1. loads 1. dead load 1. superimposed dead load 1. live loads 1. adverse and relieving areas and effects 2. total effects 2. dispersal 2. distribution 2. highway carriageway and lanes 2. bridge components 5.

4 Symbols 5. 4 Loads: general 6. Loads and factors specified 6. Nominal loads 6. Design loads 6. Additional factor jJf3 6. Fatigue loads 6. Deflection and camber 6. Loads to be considered 6. Classification of loads 6. Permanent loads 7. Transient loads 7. Combinations of loads 7. Combination 1 7. Combination 2 7. Combination 3 7. Combination 4 7. Combination 5 7. Application of loads 7. Selection to cause most adverse effect 7. Removal of superimposed dead load 7. Live load 7. Wind on relieving areas 7. Overturning 7. Restoring moment 9. Removal of loads 9. Foundation pressures, sliding on foundations, loads on piles, etc. 9. Design loads to be considered with CP 2004 9. BSI 12-1999 i BS 5400-2:1978. Page 5 Loads applicable to all bridges 9. Dead load 9. Nominal dead load 9. Design load 9. Superimposed dead load 9. Nominal superimposed dead load 9.

5 Design load 10. Licensed Copy: Giorgio Cavalieri, ALSTOM, 25-Apr-00, Uncontrolled Copy. BSI. Wind load 10. General 10. Wind gust speed 10. Nominal transverse wind load 13. Nominal longitudinal wind load 21. Nominal vertical wind load 22. Load combination 22. Design loads 25. Overturning effects 25. Aerodynamic effects 25. Temperature 25. General 25. Minimum and maximum shade air temperatures 25. Minimum and maximum effective bridge temperatures 26. Range of effective bridge temperature 27. Temperature difference 27. Coefficient of thermal expansion 28. Nominal values 28. Design values 28. Effects of shrinkage and creep, residual stresses, etc. 30. Differential settlement 30. Assessment of differential settlement 30. Load factors 30. Exceptional loads 30. Snow load 30. Design loads 30. Earth pressure on retaining structures 30.

6 Filling material 30. Live load surcharge 30. Erection loads 31. Temporary loads 31. Permanent loads 31. Disposition of permanent and temporary loads 31. Wind and temperature effects 31. Snow and ice loads 31. 6 Highway bridge live loads 31. General 31. Loads to be considered 31. Notional lanes, hard shoulders, etc. 31. Distribution analysis of structure 32. Type HA loading 32. Nominal uniformly distributed load (UDL) 32. ii BSI 12-1999. BS 5400-2:1978. Page Nominal knife edge load (KEL) 32. Distribution 32. Dispersal 32. Single nominal wheel load alternative to UDL and KEL 32. Dispersal 32. Design HA loading 33. Type HB loading 33. Nominal HB loading 33. Licensed Copy: Giorgio Cavalieri, ALSTOM, 25-Apr-00, Uncontrolled Copy. BSI. Contact area 33. Dispersal 33. Design HB loading 33. Application of types HA and HB loading 34.

7 Type HA loading 34. Types HB and HA loading combined 35. Highway loading on transverse cantilever slabs, slabs supported on all four sides, central reserves and outer verges 35. Centrifugal load 36. Nominal centrifugal load 37. Associated nominal primary live load 37. Load combination 37. Design load 37. Longitudinal load 37. Nominal load for type HA 37. Nominal load for type HB 37. Associated nominal primary live load 37. Load combination 37. Design load 37. Accidental load due to skidding 37. Nominal load 37. Associated nominal primary live load 37. Load combination 37. Design load 37. Loads due to vehicle collision with parapets 38. Nominal load 38. Associated nominal primary live load 38. Load combination 38. Design load 38. Collision loads on supports of bridges over highways 38. Nominal load 38. Associated nominal primary live load 38.

8 Load combination 38. Design load 38. Bridges over railways, canals or navigable water 38. Loading for fatigue investigations 38. Dynamic loading on highway bridges 39. 7 Footway and cycle track live load 39. Bridges supporting footway or cycle tracks only 39. Nominal live load 39. Nominal load on pedestrian parapets 39. BSI 12-1999 iii BS 5400-2:1978. Page Design load 39. Collision load on supports of foot/cycle track bridges 39. Vibration serviceability 39. Elements supporting footways or cycle tracks and a highway or railway 39. Nominal live load 39. Nominal wheel load 40. Licensed Copy: Giorgio Cavalieri, ALSTOM, 25-Apr-00, Uncontrolled Copy. BSI. Associated nominal primary live load 40. Load due to vehicle collision with parapets 40. Design load 40. 8 Railway bridge live load 40. General 40. Nominal loads 40. Type RU loading 40.

9 Type RL loading 40. Dynamic effects 40. Dispersal of concentrated loads 41. Deck plates and similar local elements 42. Application of Standard loadings 42. Lurching 42. Nosing 42. Centrifugal load 43. Longitudinal loads 43. Load combinations 43. Design loads 43. Derailment loads 44. Design load for RU loading 44. Design load for RL loading 45. Collision load on supports of bridges over railways 45. Loading for fatigue investigations 45. Appendix A Basis of HA and HB highway loading 46. Appendix B Recommendations for the protection of piers by safety fences 46. Appendix C Vibration serviceability requirements for foot and cycle track bridges 46. General 46. Simplified method for deriving maximum vertical acceleration 46. General method for deriving maximum vertical acceleration 47. Damage from forced vibration 47. Appendix D Derivation of RU and RL railway loadings 49.

10 RU loading 49. RL loading 49. Use of Table 20 to Table 23 when designing for RU loading 53. Appendix E Temperature differences T for various surfacing depths 58. Appendix F deleted Figure 1 Highway carriageway and traffic lanes 3. Figure 2 Isotachs of mean hourly wind speed (in m/s) 12. Figure 3 Typical superstructures to which Figure 5 applies 16. Figure 4 Typical superstructures that require wind tunnel tests 16. iv BSI 12-1999. BS 5400-2:1978. Page Figure 5 Drag coefficient CD for superstructures with solid elevation 18. Figure 6 Lift coefficient CL 22. Figure 7 Isotherms of minimum shade air temperature (in C) 23. Figure 8 Isotherms of maximum shade air temperature (in C) 24. Figure 9 Temperature difference for different types of construction 29. Figure 10 Loading curve for HA UDL 33. Figure 11 Dimensions of HB vehicle 34.