Brooks’s What Works for Literacy Difficulties?

1 6th edition Brooks s what Works for Literacy difficulties ? The effectiveness of intervention schemes Edited by Gary Lavan and Joel Talcott Brooks s what Works for 1 Gary Lavan 2020 Literacy difficulties ? _____ Brooks's what Works for Literacy difficulties ? The effectiveness of intervention schemes Sixth edition _____ Edited by Gary Lavan Educational Psychologist The School Psychology Service Ltd Joel Talcott Professor of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Aston University The views expressed in this report are the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of The School Psychology Service, Aston University or Dyslexia-SpLD Trust Gary Lavan 2020.

2 Published by The School Psychology Service Ltd. Applications for reproduction should be made to Gary Lavan by email: ISBN 978-1-5272-7920-9 November 2020 Brooks s what Works for 2 Gary Lavan 2020 Literacy difficulties ? CONTENTS Acknowledgements 6 CHAPTER 1: Introduction to this report 7 The focus and intention of the report 7 Publishing history 9 Criteria for inclusion of schemes 11 The interventions included 12 CHAPTER 2 Primary: Reading & Spelling 15 (Aural Read Record Oral Write) 17 AcceleRead AcceleWrite 20 Boosting Reading 24 Catch Up Literacy 27 Cued Spelling 30 Dyslexia Gold (Fluency Builder) 32 Dyslexia Gold (Spelling Tutor) 34 Easyread 36 ENABLE (Enhancing Attainment in Basic Literacy ) 38 FFT Wave 3 41 Hornet 43 Inference Training 46 Lexia 51 Paired Reading 56 Project X Code 58 Read Write Inc.

3 ( phonics ) 60 Reading Recovery 63 Reciprocal Reading 67 Reciprocal Teaching 69 SIDNEY ( screening and Intervention for Dyslexia, Notably in the Early Years) 71 Sound check 73 Sound Discovery 75 Sound Reading System 78 Sound Training 80 Switch-on Reading 82 The CSP (Complete Spelling & Language Programme) 84 The Reading Intervention Programme 86 THRASS (Teaching Handwriting, Reading And Spelling Skills) 90 Toe by Toe 93 Units of Sound 95 Brooks s what Works for 3 Gary Lavan 2020 Literacy difficulties ?

4 CHAPTER 3 Primary-Secondary Transition 97 Everyone Can Read 100 Grammar For Writing 102 Helen Arkell Y7 Transition Project 104 Improving Writing Quality 106 Read Write Inc. (Fresh Start) 108 Switch-on Reading 110 The Accelerated Reader 112 CHAPTER 4 Secondary: Reading & Spelling 114 (Aural Read Record Oral Write) 115 Boosting Reading 117 Catch Up Literacy 120 Dyslexia Gold (Spelling Tutor) 123 Easyread 125 ENABLE PLUS (Enhancing Attainment in Basic Literacy ) 127 Inference Training 129 Rapid Plus 131 Read Write Inc.

5 (Fresh Start) 133 Sound Training 136 That Reading Thing 139 The LIT programme 141 Thinking Reading 143 THRASS (Teaching Handwriting, Reading And Spelling Skills) 145 Toe By Toe 148 Units of Sound 150 Word Wasp 152 CHAPTER 5 Writing at Primary and Secondary 155 Grammar for Writing 156 Paired Writing 158 Reading Recovery 161 Write Away Together 163 CHAPTER 6 Young people aged 14-18.

6 Including those who 165 have offended The scale of need 166 Outcomes other than Literacy 166 Catch Up Literacy 168 Shannon Trust Turning Pages Reading Programme 169 Sound Reading System 170 Sound Training 171 Summer Arts Colleges 174 TextNow 176 Brooks s what Works for 4 Gary Lavan 2020 Literacy difficulties ? CHAPTER 7 Children with specific special educational needs 178 (including Dyslexia/SpLD) Focus 179 Children receiving support through Pupil Premium 179 Section 7A Specific Learning Needs 180 Units of Sound 181 Wordshark 184 Catch Up Literacy 186 Letterbox Club 188 TextNow 191 Inference Training 193 Personalised Learning for Reading (PLR)

7 195 Section 7B - Children with a range of additional needs 197 The Reading Intervention Programme 199 The Reading Intervention Programme (REACH) 203 The Reading Intervention Programme (REVI+) 207 CHAPTER 8 Conclusions & Summary 209 what might prevent Literacy difficulties arising in the first place? 209 Overall Conclusions about what Works for Literacy 213 REFERENCES 215 APPENDIX: Details of the Analyses 229 Introduction to the evaluation data 230 Impact measures 233 Ratio gain (RG) 233 Effect sizes 234 Statistical significances 236 Comparisons between schemes 237 Brooks s what Works for 5 Gary Lavan 2020 Literacy difficulties ?

8 LIST OF TABLES Table List of all schemes included 13 Table General characteristics of the Primary-level schemes for reading and/or spelling 15 Table Example of summary tables 16 Table General characteristics of schemes for Primary-Secondary transition 97 Table General characteristics of the Secondary-level schemes for reading and/or spelling 114 Table General characteristics of the schemes for writing 155 Table General characteristics of the schemes for Young People aged 14-19 (including those who have offended) 165 Table General characteristics of the schemes for those with Specific Special Educational Needs & Disabilities (inc Dyslexia/SpLD) 178 Table Organisation of entries in chapters 2-7 230 Table Studies with alternative treatment groups, as part of the design 232 Table List of reading studies for Primary-level in decreasing order of ratio gain for whichever of accuracy (Acc) and comprehension (Comp)

9 Is the higher 238 Table List of reading studies for Primary-level in decreasing order of effect size for whichever of accuracy and comprehension is the higher 240 Table List of spelling studies for Primary-level in decreasing order of ratio gain 241 Table List of spelling studies for Primary-level in decreasing order of effect size 241 Table List of reading studies for Primary-Secondary Transition in decreasing order of ratio gain 242 Table List of reading studies for Primary-Secondary Transition in decreasing order of effect size 242 Table List of spelling studies for Primary-Secondary Transition 242 Table List of writing studies for Primary-Secondary Transition in decreasing order of effect size 243 Table List of reading studies for KS3 level in decreasing order of ratio gain for whichever of accuracy (Acc) and comprehension (Comp)

10 Is the higher 243 Table List of reading studies for KS3 level in decreasing order of effect size for whichever of accuracy and comprehension is the higher 244 Table List of spelling studies for KS3 level in decreasing order of ratio gain and/or effect size 244 Table List of writing studies for primary and KS3 levels in decreasing order of ratio gain 244 Table List of writing studies for primary and KS3 levels in decreasing order of effect size 245 Table Comparisons between experimental and alternative treatment (AT) groups at primary level 246 Brooks s what Works for 6 Gary Lavan 2020 Literacy difficulties ?