C++ International Standard

1 C ISO 2013 All rights reservedISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 N3690 Date: 2013-05-15 ISO/IEC CD 14882 ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 Secretariat: ANSIP rogramming Languages C++Langages de programmation C++WarningThis document is not an ISO International Standard . It is distributed for review and comment. It is subjectto change without notice and may not be referred to as an International of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rightsof which they are aware and to provide supporting type: International StandardDocument subtype:Document stage: (30) CommitteeDocument language: Ec ISO/IECN3690 Copyright noticeThis ISO document is a working draft or committee draft and is copyright-protected by ISO.

2 While thereproduction of working drafts or committee drafts in any form for use by participants in the ISO standardsdevelopment process is permitted without prior permission from ISO, neither this document nor any extractfrom it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior writtenpermission from for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed asshown below or to ISO s member body in the country of the copyright officeCase postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing may be ISO/IECN3690 ContentsContentsiiiList of TablesxiList of Figuresxv1 Scope.

3 Normative references .. Terms and definitions .. Implementation compliance .. Structure of this International Standard .. Syntax notation .. The C++memory model .. The C++object model .. Program execution .. Multi-threaded executions and data races .. Acknowledgments .. 152 Lexical Separate translation .. Phases of translation .. Character sets .. Trigraph sequences .. Preprocessing tokens .. Alternative tokens .. Tokens .. Comments .. Header names .. Preprocessing numbers .. Identifiers .. Keywords .. Operators and punctuators.

4 Literals .. 233 Basic Declarations and definitions .. One definition rule .. Scope .. Name lookup .. Program and linkage .. Start and termination .. Storage duration .. Object lifetime .. Types .. Lvalues and rvalues .. 74 Contentsiiic Alignment .. 764 Standard Lvalue-to-rvalue conversion .. Array-to-pointer conversion .. Function-to-pointer conversion .. Qualification conversions .. Integral promotions .. Floating point promotion .. Integral conversions .. Floating point conversions .. Floating-integral conversions .. Pointer conversions.

5 Pointer to member conversions .. Boolean conversions .. Integer conversion rank .. 825 Primary expressions .. Postfix expressions .. Unary expressions .. Explicit type conversion (cast notation) .. Pointer-to-member operators .. Multiplicative operators .. Additive operators .. Shift operators .. Relational operators .. Equality operators .. Bitwise AND operator .. Bitwise exclusive OR operator .. Bitwise inclusive OR operator .. Logical AND operator .. Logical OR operator .. Conditional operator .. Assignment and compound assignment operators .. Comma operator.

6 Constant expressions .. 1236 Labeled statement .. Expression statement .. Compound statement or block .. Selection statements .. Iteration statements .. Jump statements .. Declaration statement .. Ambiguity resolution .. 1347 Specifiers .. Enumeration declarations .. 154 Contentsivc Namespaces .. Theasmdeclaration .. Linkage specifications .. Attributes .. 1738 Type names .. Ambiguity resolution .. Meaning of declarators .. Function definitions .. Initializers .. 1959 Class names .. Class members .. Member functions .. Static members .. Unions.

7 Bit-fields .. Nested class declarations .. Local class declarations .. Nested type names .. 22410 Derived Multiple base classes .. Member name lookup .. Virtual functions .. Abstract classes .. 23511 Member access Access specifiers .. Accessibility of base classes and base class members .. Friends .. Protected member access .. Access to virtual functions .. Multiple access .. Nested classes .. 24612 Special member Constructors .. Temporary objects .. Conversions .. Destructors .. Free store .. Initialization .. Construction and destruction .. Copying and moving class objects.

8 Inheriting constructors .. 27513 Overloadable declarations .. 279 Contentsvc Declaration matching .. Overload resolution .. Address of overloaded function .. Overloaded operators .. Built-in operators .. 30614 Template parameters .. Names of template specializations .. Template arguments .. Type equivalence .. Template declarations .. Name resolution .. Template instantiation and specialization .. Function template specializations .. 36515 Exception Throwing an exception .. Constructors and destructors .. Handling an exception .. Exception specifications .. Special functions .. 39416 Preprocessing Conditional inclusion.

9 Source file inclusion .. Macro replacement .. Line control .. Error directive .. Pragma directive .. Null directive .. Predefined macro names .. Pragma operator .. 40717 Library General .. The C Standard library .. Definitions .. Additional definitions .. Method of description (Informative) .. Library-wide requirements .. 41718 Language support General .. Types .. Implementation properties .. Integer types .. Start and termination .. Dynamic memory management .. Type identification .. Exception handling .. 457 Contentsvic Initializer lists .. Other runtime support .. 46319 Diagnostics General.

10 Exception classes .. Assertions .. Error numbers .. System error support .. 47020 General utilities General .. Utility components .. Pairs .. Tuples .. Compile-time integer sequences .. Optional objects .. Class templatebitset.. Memory .. Smart pointers .. Function objects .. Metaprogramming and type traits .. Compile-time rational arithmetic .. Time utilities .. Class templatescoped_allocator_adaptor.. Classtype_index.. 62921 Strings General .. Character traits .. String classes .. Class templatebasic_string.. Numeric conversions .. Hash support .. Suffix forbasic_stringliterals.