C1, FM 55-30 - BITS

1 C1, FM 55-30 Change HEADQUARTERSNo. 1 DEPARTMENT OF THEARMYW ashington, DC,ARMY MOTOR TRANSPORT UNITS AND OPERATIONSThis change replaces Chapter 2 to the basic manual. This change also includes an updated Change FM 55-30 , 27 June 1997, as follows:Remove pagesInsert pagesi and iii and ii2-1 through 2-162-1 through 2-20 Glossary-1 through Glossary-4 Glossary-1 through Glossary-52. A star ( ) marks new or changed File this transmittal sheet in front of the RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is , FM 55-30i*FM 55-30 Field ManualHEADQUARTERS55-30 DEPARTMENT OF THEARMYW ashington, DC,ARMY MOTOR TRANSPORT UNITS AND OPERATIONSTABLE OF 1 ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS FOR MOTOR Motor Transport Organization Theater Theater Movement Corps Movement 1-51-6. Motor Transport Motor Transport 1-61-9. Highway Logistics Civil Augmentation 2 UNIT Battalion Staff and Command Primary Personal Staff (Battalion Chaplain).

2 2-72-5. Motor Transport Maintenance Motor Transport RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.*This publication supersedes FM 55-30 , 14 March , FM 55-30iiPageCHAPTER 3 OPERATIONAL Operations Security and Defense Motor Transport Operations Under Adverse Terrain Motor Transport Operations Under Adverse Climatic The Highway 4 MOTOR TRANSPORT Command 4-14-3. Transportation Support Principles of Motor Transport Operational Classes of Types of Support to Combat Heavy Equipment 5 CONVOY CONTROL, ORGANIZATION, AND Planning Convoy Convoy Convoy Unit Preparing Vehicles for Night Convoy Commander s Highway Convoy 6 CONVOY DEFENSE Air Artillery or Indirect 6-76-3. Sniper Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical 7 UNIT MOTOR Emergency Traffic Fire 55-30iiiPageCHAPTER 8 ORGANIZATION AND OCCUPATION OF THE TRUCKCOMPANY AREA OF Methods of Selection and Basic Area Types of Operating Base Reconnaissance and Selection of Two-Party Reconnaissance, Selection, Occupation Party Moving the Operating in an Urban 9 PREVENTIVE Maintenance Checklists and 10 LOADS AND LOADING Responsibilities of Unit Shipper s Cargo Road Loading Transporting Hazardous Oversize and Overweight Cargo Securing Double-Stacking AEXTRACT OF STANAG 2041 (EDITION 4), OPERATIONORDERS, TABLES AND GRAPHS FOR ROAD BEXTRACT OF STANAG 2154 (EDITION 7), REGULATIONSFOR MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE MOVEMENT BY CEXTRACT OF STANAG 2174 (EDITION 4), MILITARYROUTES AND ROUTE/ROAD DEXTRACT OF STANAG 2176 (EDITION 2)

3 , PROCEDURESFOR MILITARY ROAD MOVEMENT ACROSS ETHE AMERICAN TRUCKING ASSOCIATIONS, INCSUMMARY OF SIZE AND WEIGHT FVEHICLE OPERATIONS IN DIFFICULT GVEHICLE OPERATIONS IN ADVERSE 55-30ivPageAPPENDIX HROADNET ICONVERSION JROAD MOVEMENT KCONTROLLING MOTOR TRANSPORT LCONTAINER INSPECTION MMOBILIZATION MOVEMENT AND NMILITARY VEHICLE AXLE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONFORMULAS AND OVEHICLE PSPECIFICATIONS FOR CONVOY WARNING QSAMPLE CONVOY RCONVOY COMMANDER'S SCOMMUNICATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS TTRAILER INSPECTION 55-30vPREFACEIn a theater of operations, all modes of transport--air, rail, inland waterways, and motor--are used tomove personnel, cargo, and unit equipment. Of these modes, motor transport is the most transport supports movement requirements ranging from port clearance, tacticaldisplacement, and distribution and retrograde of supplies and equipment throughout the depth of thebattlefield.

4 It also serves as the link between the other modes to support combat forces as far forwardas manual describes how motor transport units operate and the environment in which they incorporates changes to warfighting and support doctrine and equipment modernization. While thismanual is designed primarily for motor transport units, the tactics, techniques, and procedures forconvoy operations apply to most Army units under most operational Army s environmental strategy into the 21st century defines our philosophy and commitment inprotecting and preserving the environment and natural resources for present and future environmental practices and considerations must be integrated into all Army documents,missions, and operations. In keeping with the Army s vision to be a national leader in environmentalstewardship, commanders and leaders must ensure that all local, state, federal, and host nation lawsand regulations pertaining to the environment are included in the planning process and publication implements the following international agreements: STANAG 2041 (Edition 4), Operation Orders, Tables and Graphs for Road Movement(see Appendix A).

5 STANAG 2154 (Edition 7), Regulations for Military Motor Vehicle Movement by Road(see Appendix B). STANAG 2174 (Edition 4), Military Routes and Route/Road Networks (seeAppendix C). STANAG 2176 (Edition 2), Procedures for Military Road Movement Across NationalFrontiers (see Appendix D).The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC. Send comments and recommendations onDA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Commander,USACASCOM, ATTN: ATCL-AT, Fort Lee, VA this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively publication contains copyrighted material reproduced with permission of the AmericanTrucking Associations, Inc. (see Appendix E).FM 55-301-1 CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS FOR MOTOR TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION CONCEPT. Motor transport units are ateach echelon: theater army, corps, and division. These units--together with other mode operators(water, rail, and air), terminal operators, and movement control units--form the backbone of thetheater s transportation capability.

6 Most of the Army's motor transport units are located abovedivision level and are assigned to a transportation battalion (motor transport) or a CSB. Motortransport units are usually assigned to the following headquarters: Theater army (COMMZ):- Transportation Transportation Transportation Area support groups. Corps:- Support Support Support Transportation battalions. Division: Main support Army will fight as part of a joint team. Motor transport units must be prepared to support theinland surface movement requirements of other services or nations and to integrate HN, LOGCAP,or other contract support. The Army will fight as a total force--active and reserve components andcivilians. Army transportation headquarters units must be able to integrate all deployed modeoperating units. The objective is a seamless transportation system that supports the movementrequirements of the joint force and the transportation units must be prepared to support US Armed Forces and theirallies in a variety of operational environments, ranging from war to domesticsupport operations.

7 These operations may be conducted anywhere in the world,and transportation units must be ready to deploy on short notice. Also, they mustbe prepared to remain after operations terminate to support the redeployment ofother combat and support forces. Motor transport is the predominant mode oftransportation for the reception, onward movement, and sustainment of transport units must be highly trained, rapidly deployable, and capable ofsustaining themselves for a long time. This chapter addresses basic organizationaland operational concepts from theater army level down through the 55-301-2 The senior Army headquarters in a theater of operations is normally the Army componentheadquarters of the joint force. The Army component may be a theater army, corps, or determine the transportation force structure that deploys to support an operation based onthe following: Mission. Magnitude of transportation tasks.

8 Size of the supported force. Availability and quality of HN support. Type and extent of LOGCAP any case, Army motor transport units will be deployed to support nearly all operations. Thefollowing missions must be performed regardless of the echelonment of forces or the type oftransportation headquarters: Reception and onward movement of forces. Port clearance. Theaterwide distribution and retrograde of personnel, supplies, and equipment. Operational mobility. Tactical support to sustain combat operations. Environmental operation dictates the transportation force structure Army s environmental vision requires that units at all levels integrate and practice effectiveenvironmental protection programs in all operations. Because motor transport units have thepotential to make a major impact on the environment, training and operations must be conductedIAW applicable environmental laws and ARMY.

9 When the scope of operations warrants the deployment of a theaterarmy headquarters, the appropriate support structure will usually also be deployed. From atransportation perspective, this includes a TRANSCOM as the senior mode and terminal operatingheadquarters and a TMCA as the senior movement control headquarters (Figure 1-1). Both theTMCA and TRANSCOM serve under the staff supervision of the theater army senior logistics headquarters in the COMMZ is the TAACOM. The TAACOM provideslogistics support through subordinate ASGs. ASGs have a variety of logistics units but usually donot have transportation units assigned when the TRANSCOM is deployed. The TRANSCOM provides direct support to the TAACOM and other units operating in the COMMZ. In operationswhere EAC logistics support is required short of a full capability, motor transport units may beassigned to an ASG or a transportation composite 55-301-3 Figure 1-1.

10 Theater motor transport serviceThe TRANSCOM provides theaterwide transportation services. It implements theater movementprograms that include port clearance and local and line haul transportation to theater, corps, anddivision locations. The TRANSCOM has subordinate transportation groups and battalions with avariety of motor transport, cargo transfer, terminal service, watercraft, and rail units. These units arelocated to support transportation Transportation Group (Composite). The mission of the transportation groupheadquarters is to command and control transportation units. The group may serve under thecommand and control of the TRANSCOM, if deployed, or operate as a major command of thetheater army or as EAC augmentation to the corps. As a mode operator, the TRANSCOM or group: Commands and controls fleet assets. Operates inland intermodal and transfer points. Provides transportation assets as committed by a movement control have planning functions designed to complement movement control planning.