Calculating School Capacity:School Capacity - …

1 CalculatingCalculatingCalculating School Capacity : Calculating School Capacity : School Capacity : School Capacity :Local, State & National presented by:Amy Yurko, AIA &PerspectivesPeter Brown, AIA, LEED Cary, AIAA nchorage School DistrictpCEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007page 1 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, .comworkshop agendapg Introductions who & why learning objectives Capacity Capacity variables definitions Utilization teaching stationsg schedules Story Timey stories & challenges lessons learnedpage 2 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007workshop agendapg Perspectives National State Local Addressing Constraints Interpretations Schedules Multiple use Joint useOth Id Other Ideas Calculation Strategies rules of thumb specificspage 3 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Why Calculate School Capacity ? to enroll the rightnumber of students in a School facilityypyschool facilityor conversely to plan a School facility that is the rightsize for its intended enrollment 1.

2 School construction funding2. Maximize educational resources3. Accommodate enrollments4. Overcrowding & underutilization5. Adjust Attendance Boundariespage 4 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 20076. others? School Capacity Defined the number of students that can be reasonably accommodated by a School , pyfyy,building and site. physical variablesphysical variables operational variables programmatic variablespage 5 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Capacity Variablespy physical variables building size/areabu d g s e/a ea number/types of teaching stationst filiti (kit h lh t ) support facilities (kitchen, lunchroom, etc) infrastructure net to gross ratio building & life-safety codesbuilding & lifesafety codes site amenities page 6 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Capacity Variablesiipy operational variables utilization rates & efficiencyy operational policies staffingstaffing funding structures teacher/union regulations teacher/union regulations space managementt ff & til b dt staff & operational budgets specialty program offeringspage 7 Calculating School Capacity .

3 CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Capacity Variablesiipy programmatic variables class sizes & staff ratios educational program offeringstil d l (t di t ) operational models (teams, academies, etc.) specialty programs schedules partnerships, off-site learning, , offsite learning, etc. extended usepage 8 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Capacity : A Spectrum of Definitionspy pff Maximum CapacityMaximum CapacityThe total number of student seats in the School facility. Building Capacity Building CapacityAlso considers the extent of support facilities. Functional Capacity Functional CapacityAlso considers the desired level of schedule Cit Program CapacityAlso considers curriculum and program offerings. Temporary CapacityAlso considers temporary and make-shift 9 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Maximum Capacityidpy considers total student seats 40025 students each25(2) 8(100%) 400/dfor example:25 students eachused 8 of 8 periods= 100% utilization25(2) x 8(100%) = 400/dayor 50 at any given periodpage 10 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007= 400 students/dayBuilding Capacityidgpy considers total student seats support facilitiessupport facilities400350 such as:such as:systemscirculationtoiletskitchenlibra ryofficesetcpage 11 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, Middle School , Anchorage School District, McCool Carlson Green ArchitectsFunctional Capacityidpy considers.

4 Total student seats support facilitiessupport facilities schedule flexibility 40030025 students each25(2) 8(75%) 300for example:25 students eachused 6 of 8 periods= 75% utilization25(2) x 8(75%) = 300or 37-38 at any given timepage 12 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007= 300 students/dayProgram Capacityidgpy considers total student seats support facilitiessupport facilities schedule flexibility program offerings 40024025 students regular15 students special25(1) 8(75%) 15015 students specialused 6 of 8 periods= 75% utilization25(1) x 8(75%) = 15015(1) x 8(75%) = 90page 13 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007= 240 students/day() ()The educationally appropriate percentage of UtilizationThe educationally appropriate percentage of the School day that teaching stations can be used for for ratio of unoccupied to occupied seats 1studentThe ratio of unoccupied to occupied seats per teaching station per 11seat 11time page 14 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Utilization seat utilization seat utilizationfor example:24:24 = 100%24:24 = 100%page 15 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Utilization seat utilization seat utilizationfor example:18:24 = 75%18:24 = 75%page 16 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 UtilizationRl f Th bhigher Rules of Thumbhigher utilizationSchool Typeavg.

5 Utilization rateequalsElementary 95-100%Middl /J Hi h 7085%tighter Middle/Jr. High 70-85%High 80-85%schedulingHigh 80-85%page 17 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 UtilizationExample: Middle vsJunior High Schoolshigher Example: Middle vsJunior High Schoolshigher utilizationMiddle SchoolJunior HighTeaching Stations4040equalsTeaching Stations4040 Class Size2525 Periods/day77tighter Teacher prep11 Team Planning10 Pid f It ti56schedulingPeriods of Instruction56 Utilization Rate71%86%Student Capacity712860 Student Capacity712860difference = 148 studentspage 18 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 UtilizationExample: Middle vsJunior High Schoolshigher Example: Middle vsJunior High Schoolshigher utilizationMiddle SchoolJunior HighStudent Capacity800800equalsStudent Capacity800800 Class Size2525 Periods/day77tighter Teacher prep11 Team Planning10 Pid f It ti56schedulingPeriods of Instruction56 Utilization Rate71%86%Teaching Stations4537 Teaching Stations4537difference = 8 teaching stationspage 19 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007gTeaching Stationsht t?

6 G what counts? School Typewhat counts?What about?Elementary classrooms yMiddleclassroomsart & musicscience roomsspecial educationscience roomsspecial educationgymnasium (x1)computer labsHighclassrooms special educationscience rooms media centerscience rooms media centerart & musicauditorium/stagegyms (x2) computer labsvocational programspe 20 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 l iTeaching Stations average class sizegSchool Typeaverage class size:Elementary 15-25little varietyMiddle 18-25some varietyHigh 24-32much varietypage 21 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007i f filiti f iCase Study comparison of facilities for scienceyCase A Case A2,780sf (2 rooms)for 50 students= 56 sf/studentsize difference = 520sf or 11 sf/studentCase B 2,260sf (2 rooms)f 50 dfor 50 students= 45 sf/studentpage 22 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007i f filiti f iCase Study comparison of facilities for scienceyCase A Case Asay 25 students eachused 6 of 8 periodsp= 75% utilization= 300 students/dayC B main difference = areaCase B say 25 students eachd 6 f 8 i dused 6 of 8 periods= 75% utilization= 300 students/daypage 23 Calculating School Capacity .

7 CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 300 students/dayi f filiti f iCase Study comparison of facilities for scienceyCase A Case Asay 25 students eachused 6 of 8 periodsp= 75% utilizationor seat utilization= 300 students/dayC B seat utilization difference = B say 25 students eachd 6 f 8 i dused 6 of 8 periods= 75% utilization= 300 students/daypage 24 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 300 students/dayi f filiti f iCase Study comparison of facilities for scienceyFaculty OfficeSmall GroupPrep RoomOfficeGroupCase C 65 td t ttlsay 65 students totalused 8 of 8 periods=100% utilization100% utilization= 520 students/day(Greenhouse Option)page 25 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007i f filiti f iCase Study comparison of facilities for scienceyC AC BC CCase A:200 Students25 per ClassroomCase B:200 Students25 per ClassroomCase C:200 Students50 per Suitep75% Utilization10 Classrooms (13,900 sf total)(excludingteacher offices & p75% Utilization10 Classrooms (11,300 sf total)(excludingteacher offices & p100% Utilization4 Suites (11,840 sf total)(all inclusive)(excludingteacher offices & resource rooms)(excludingteacher offices & resource rooms)(ac us e)page 26 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Perspectives: Nationalpfor the median School district in the USElementary Schools = 70 ft2/student Middle Schools 70 ft2/student Middle Schools = 70 ft2/student High Schools = 120 ft2/student g/page 28 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Source: School Planning & Management, February, 2006 Perspectives.))

8 Nationalpfor the median School district in the USElementary Schools = 90 ft2/student Middle Schools = 111 ft2/student Middle Schools = 111 ft2/student High Schools = 153 ft2/student page 29 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Source: School Planning & Management, February, 2006 Perspectives: Nationalfor the median School district in the USpElementary Schools = 120 ft2/student Middle Schools = 146 ft2/student Middle Schools = 146 ft2/student High Schools = 163 ft2/student g/page 30 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Source: School Planning & Management, February, 2006 CalculationsG B ildi A Wh t Ct ? Gross Building Area What Counts?lockers ?dining/kitchen facilities ?dining/kitchen facilities ?overhangs & canopies ? vertical circulation ?toilet facilities (specific to program) ?toilet facilities (specific to program) ?exterior walls - to inside or outside face of wall ?

9 Page 31 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 CEFPI s National Averages Perspectives: North America CEFPI s National Averages (gross area per student)AverageRangepElementary School - 133 Southern Tier of -107 Southern Tier of 107 Remaining 48 - 147 Middle School BuildingsMiddle School - 116 Southern Tier of - 90 Remaining 48 212 High School - 166 Southern Tier of - 158 Remaining 48 states160 7123211page 32 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Remaining 48 : CEFPI Issue Track, November 1995 Perspectives: National codes & regulationsp-Occupancy LoadingOccupancy Loading- Access & Egress- Life-safety-Support facilitiespppage 33 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Perspectives: State Example Alaska Department of Education & Early Childhood DevelopmentpxppElementary Schools =114 ft2/student Middle Schools =165 ft2/student Middle Schools =165 ft/student High Schools =165 ft2/student+ additional considerations for supplemental square-footage page 34 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Perspectives: State Example ArkansaspxpUtilization Factors*:teaching tti K-5 = 100%6-8 = 85%station count total student population (incl SpEd)9-12 = 85%*f th (incl.)

10 SpEd)average class size for the purpose of planningclass sizeutilization factorNotes: Class sizes may vary from School to Self-contained classrooms are in addition to the calculated number of teaching stations. Art Music & PE do not count as teaching stations at the elementary levelpage 35 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Source: Arkansas School Facility Manual, 2004stations at the elementary : State Example Wyoming School Facilities Commissionpxpuses a sliding scale to recognize remote rural areaspage 36 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007 Source: Wyoming Public Schools, Facility Design Guidelines, July 2003 Perspectives: State Example West Virginiapxp The student Capacity of a School building is affected by the educational program: it changes each tithtime the program is modified. page 37 Calculating School Capacity : CEFPI Pre-Conference Workshop - October 6, 2007WV Board of Education, Handbook on Planning School Facilities, 2005 Perspectives: State Example West VirginiapxpElt S hlElementary Schools:Calculate the number and type of classrooms using the maximum program Capacity for each regular or special Calculating Building Programmaximum program Capacity for each regular or special classroom.