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Care Planning and Geriatric Assessment

C HAPTE R. 5. care Planning and Geriatric Assessment Cathy Jo Cress Introduction of the uniqueness and i ndividuality of that person. Assessment of the impact of illnesses The process of Geriatric Assessment is like and the aging process on an older person's the method detectives use to solve a crime. physical, emotional, spiritual, and social Just as detectives meticulously sift through functioning is a critical component of the pro- clues, leave no stone unturned, and ensure all vision of appropriate health care . P erforming evidence is taken into account before reach- comprehensive Geriatric assessments and care ing conclusions, so must care m anagers. Like Planning is a challenge for care managers. Sherlock Holmes, care managers c onducting a Geriatric Assessment must strive to make Goals of a Geriatric sure all facts have been g athered and exam- ined, both individually and in c ombination Assessment with one another, before writing a report and The care manager does a Geriatric assess- developing a care plan.

92 Introduction The process of geriatric assessment is like the method detectives use to solve a crime. Just as detectives meticulously sift through

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Transcription of Care Planning and Geriatric Assessment

1 C HAPTE R. 5. care Planning and Geriatric Assessment Cathy Jo Cress Introduction of the uniqueness and i ndividuality of that person. Assessment of the impact of illnesses The process of Geriatric Assessment is like and the aging process on an older person's the method detectives use to solve a crime. physical, emotional, spiritual, and social Just as detectives meticulously sift through functioning is a critical component of the pro- clues, leave no stone unturned, and ensure all vision of appropriate health care . P erforming evidence is taken into account before reach- comprehensive Geriatric assessments and care ing conclusions, so must care m anagers. Like Planning is a challenge for care managers. Sherlock Holmes, care managers c onducting a Geriatric Assessment must strive to make Goals of a Geriatric sure all facts have been g athered and exam- ined, both individually and in c ombination Assessment with one another, before writing a report and The care manager does a Geriatric assess- developing a care plan.

2 However, unlike Sher- ment to c reate a care plan, which proposes lock Holmes, care managers often have to first recommendations to repair the holes in the meet a client because of an immediate c risis, older client's personal safety net using the and they sometimes have to begin to a ssist family system and the continuum of care . The that client without being able to gather all of recommendations suggest services at the right the information they might like. time for the right amount of money. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment The goals of a Geriatric Assessment , according has been defined as a multidisciplinary to the Gerontological Society of America are evaluation in which the multiple problems shown in Table 5-1:2. of older p eople are uncovered, described, The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and explained, if possible, and in which the Position Statement of the American Geriatrics resources and strengths of the person are Society includes the following statements: catalogued, need for services assessed, and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment has a coordinated care plan developed to focus demonstrated usefulness in improving the on interventions of the person's problems.

3 1 health status of frail, older patients. Therefore, Additionally, the . resources and strengths elements of Comprehensive G eriatric of the older person must be ascertained and Assessment should be incorporated into . evaluated so that they can be part of the the acute and long-term care provided to development of a care plan, in recognition these elderly individuals. 3 Notice that 92. 92 10/7/15 8:48 PM. Goals of a Geriatric Assessment 93. Table 5-1 Goals of Geriatric Assessment Goal Area Examples 1. Education and referrals Information and/or referral for home care , nursing home care , adult day care , rehabilitation services, support groups, and so forth. 2. Social/family relations/activity Provide support to patient and/or family; encourage senior center participation or other activities; provide coping mechanisms for family and caregivers. 3. Functioning and independence Improve activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living functioning; gait training; maintain independent living situation.

4 4. Supervision Enhance supervision of functioning, finances, and so forth. 5. General health and well-being Maintain health and well-being; enhance spirituality. 6. Medication issues Stop, start, change dose of medications; enhance compliance. 7. Medical issues Diagnose and/or treat problems of physical health or functioning. 8. Cognitive issues Maintain memory, diagnose and/or treat cognitive problems. 9. Emotional issues Diagnose and/or treat depression, anxiety, loneliness, and so forth. 10. Health behaviors Improve diet; exercise; limit smoking or drinking, and so forth. 11. Behavioral issues Diagnose and/or treat wandering, aggressive behavior, etc. 12. Caregiver burden Reduce burden of care for family and caregivers, respite care , etc. 13. Driving Evaluate, monitor, improve, or stop driving. 14. Safety Maintain safety in living situation or in functioning. 15. Environmental modifications Adaptations in the home (improve lighting, remove rugs, etc.)

5 16. Dignity and autonomy Allow patient to make his/her own choices, adapt to impairments; no additional medical treatment; comfort care . 17. Economic stability Maintain financial stability; assess financing of alternative living situations; obtain Title XIX, and so forth. Data from Bradley, Elizabeth H., Sidney T. Bogardus Jr., Carol Van Doorn, Christianna S. Williams, Emily Cherlin, and Sharon K. Inouye. Goals in Geriatric Assessment : Are We Measuring the Right Outcomes? The Gerontologist. 2000; 40(2): 191 196. Oxford Journals. Accessed January 30, 2015. the goals are for the elderly client but also The Affordable care Act is now beginning to to reduce burden on the family caregiver, address the needs of family caregivers and cov- provide support for the family, and maintain er them. First, the law includes individuals and the financing of the alternative living situa- their caregivers as decision makers about care tion.

6 So, the goals are holistic and meant to options, and it recognizes the need to address offer support for the family caregiver and the the caregiver's own experience of care in assess- elderly client. ments and quality improvement of services. 93 10/7/15 8:48 PM. 94 CHAPTER 5 care Planning and Geriatric Assessment Second, it promotes new models of care that The Assessment process begins with a identify the family caregiver as a key partner. case-finding approach and employs screening Third, it advances efforts to better prepare instruments and techniques, unless this infor- family caregivers to perform their care tasks. mation is already available from the client's Last, it enhances opportunities to expand medical record. Based on the initial interview, home and community-based services (HCBS) more detailed assessments may be recom- and provide better support to caregiving mended.

7 This may mean referrals to a number families. The law explicitly mentions the term of professional disciplines, such as a udiology, caregiver 46 times and family caregiver 11 psychology, nutrition, physical therapy, A comprehensive Assessment is essential to occupational therapy, pharmacy, and speech provide the right services at the right time. therapy. The Assessment should take account Older people often have complex health prob- of the older person's physical and emotion- lems with atypical presentations. Elders have al health. It should reflect his or her ethnic cognitive and affective problems that make and spiritual background and quality-of-life history taking difficult. They react strongly to preferences, finances, and formal and infor- medication, are frequently socially i solated, and mal support systems, especially the family can be economically compromised. If a compre- caregivers, so realistic plans for long-term care hensive Assessment is not done, older people can be made if necessary.

8 The older person's may be at risk for premature or inappropriate own goals and wishes should be taken into institutionalization. Problems often involve account in the Planning as much as possible. more than one domain of the Assessment . Treat- The initial Assessment is also the care man- ment of a medical problem or living condition ager's first contact with the client and f amily. can sometimes affect cognitive or functional First impressions are important, so the care status. On the other hand, the client's cognitive manager should present him- or herself in a and functional status and values must often be professional manner by being on time, well taken into account before deciding how aggres- dressed, and thorough. The care manager sively medical problems should be approached. must be the quality professional with whom The Geriatric Assessment should be carried the client and family want to work on an on- out by an experienced care manager.

9 This per- going basis. This Assessment is also the basis son is usually either a registered nurse (RN) or for getting paid a fee, so making an excellent human services professional such as a geron- initial impression is essential if you want to do tologist or social worker. further work with the client and family. As more classes, certifications, and con- centrations in care management evolve Elements of the throughout the United States, care managers can actually have specific educational back- Assessment grounds in Geriatric care management. Many The first care manager goal of a written geriat- have passed a certification exam in Geriatric ric Assessment is to convey in an organized and care management. To belong to the Aging thorough manner the information gathered Life care Association (ALCA), formerly called and recorded with the Assessment tools, National A ssociation of Professional Geriat- interviews, and observations.

10 These pieces of ric care Managers (NAPGCM) they must be information are all the clues. The second goal certified as a Geriatric care manager. is to draw conclusions from that information A team approach involving an RN and a social or clues and present them in a persuasive man- worker can be very effective, but a non-RN care ner. The final goal is for the care manager to manager using a functional Assessment tool can prepare recommendations based on the con- gather both the health and psychosocial infor- clusions. These conclusions are presented to mation needed for a comprehensive Assessment . the client, family, or third party who requested 94 10/7/15 8:48 PM. Elements of the Assessment 95. the Assessment . It is hoped they are convinc- attended the Live Oak Senior Center, but last ing enough that the family or third party will month she stopped going to the classes in cur- agree with those needed solutions to the doc- rent affairs she has always loved.


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