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Categories of Disability Under IDEA

NICHCY: Categories of Disability Under (Voice/TT M M M M Marararararccccch 2h 2h 2h 2h 2012012012012012 CCCCC aaaaatttttegoregoregoregoregories ofies ofies ofies ofies ofDDDDD isabilitisabilitisabilitisabilitisabilit yyyyyUUUUU nder IDEA nder IDEA nder IDEA nder IDEA nder IDEAInInInInIntroductroductroductroductr oductiontiontiontiontionEvery year, Under the federal lawknown as the Individuals withDisabilities Education Act (IDEA),millions of children with disabilitiesreceive special services designed to meet theirunique needs. Early intervention services areprovided through the state to infants and toddlerswith disabilities Under three years of age and theirfamilies. For school-aged children and youth(aged 3 through 21), special education and relatedservices are provided through the school services can be very important in helpingchildren and youth with disabilities develop,learn, and succeed in school and other is Eligible fho is Eligible fho is Eligible fho is Eligible fho is Eligible for Sor Sor Sor Sor Sererererervicvicvicvicvices?)

10. Specific Learning Disability.....means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do math …

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Transcription of Categories of Disability Under IDEA

1 NICHCY: Categories of Disability Under (Voice/TT M M M M Marararararccccch 2h 2h 2h 2h 2012012012012012 CCCCC aaaaatttttegoregoregoregoregories ofies ofies ofies ofies ofDDDDD isabilitisabilitisabilitisabilitisabilit yyyyyUUUUU nder IDEA nder IDEA nder IDEA nder IDEA nder IDEAInInInInIntroductroductroductroductr oductiontiontiontiontionEvery year, Under the federal lawknown as the Individuals withDisabilities Education Act (IDEA),millions of children with disabilitiesreceive special services designed to meet theirunique needs. Early intervention services areprovided through the state to infants and toddlerswith disabilities Under three years of age and theirfamilies. For school-aged children and youth(aged 3 through 21), special education and relatedservices are provided through the school services can be very important in helpingchildren and youth with disabilities develop,learn, and succeed in school and other is Eligible fho is Eligible fho is Eligible fho is Eligible fho is Eligible for Sor Sor Sor Sor Sererererervicvicvicvicvices?)

2 Es?es?es?es? Under IDEA, states are responsible formeeting the special needs of eligible children withdisabilities. To find out if a child is eligible forservices, he or she must first receive a full andindividual initial evaluation. This evaluation isfree. Two purposes of the evaluation are: to see if the child has a Disability , as defined byIDEA; and to learn in more detail what special educationand related services he or she and ts and ts and ts and ts and TTTTT oddlersoddlersoddlersoddlersoddlers,,,,, UUUUU nder nder nder nder nder TTTTT hrhrhrhrhree ee ee ee ee YYYYY ears of Aears of Aears of Aears of Aears of AgegegegegeUnder IDEA, infants and toddlers withdisabilities are defined as individualsunder three years of age who need early intervention services because they are experiencing developmental delays, asmeasured by appropriate diagnosticinstruments and procedures, in one or moreof the following areas: cognitive development; physical development; communication development; social or emotional development; and adaptive development.

3 Orhave a diagnosed physical or mentalcondition that has a high probability ofresulting in developmental term may also include, if a state chooses,children Under three years of age who would be atrisk of experiencing a substantial developmentaldelay if early intervention services were notprovided. National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities1825 Connecticut Avenue Washington, DC 20009 NICHCY: 2 Categories of Disability Under IDEACCCCC hildrhildrhildrhildrhildren and en and en and en and en and YYYYY outhouthouthouthouthAAAAA gegegegeged 3 d 3 d 3 d 3 d 3 TTTTT hrough 21hrough 21hrough 21hrough 21hrough 21 IDEA lists 13 different Disability categoriesunder which 3- through 21-year-olds may beeligible for services. The Disability Categories listedin IDEA are: autism; deaf-blindness; deafness; emotional disturbance; hearing impairment; intellectual Disability ; multiple disabilities; orthopedic impairment; other health impairment; specific learning Disability ; speech or language impairment; traumatic brain injury; or visual impairment (including blindness).

4 IDEA further defines each of thesedisability terms. We ve providedthose definitions on pages 3and IDEA, a child may notbe identified as a child with adisability primarily becausehe or she speaks a languageother than English and doesnot speak or understandEnglish well. A child mayalso not be identified ashaving a Disability justbecause he or she has not hadenough appropriateinstruction in mathor Aen Aen Aen Aen Agegegegeged 3 d 3 d 3 d 3 d 3 TTTTT hrough 9hrough 9hrough 9hrough 9hrough 9It is important to know that, underIDEA, states and local educationalagencies (LEAs) can use the term developmental delay withchildren aged 3 through 9:if they experience developmentaldelays in one or more of the followingareas: physical development; cognitive development; communication development; social or emotional development; or adaptive development; andwho, because of the developmental delays,need special education and related a state chooses to include developmentaldelay in its definition of an eligible child with adisability, it must define precisely what the termmeans and ensure that its definition is consistentwith IDEA s definition.

5 Developmental delays must be measured by appropriate diagnosticinstruments and procedures. The state also deter-mines whether the term applies to children aged 3through 9, or to a subset of that age range (forexample, ages 3 through 5).Three more points to note about the termdevelopmental delay: A state may not require an LEA to adopt anduse the term developmental delay. If an LEA uses the term, the LEA must conformto both the state s definition of the term andto the age range the state has adopted. If a state does not adopt the term, an LEA maynot independently use the term to establish achild s eligibility Under IDEA. NICHCY: Categories of Disability Under IDEATTTTThe 13 Dhe 13 Dhe 13 Dhe 13 Dhe 13 Disabilitisabilitisabilitisabilitisabili tyyyyyCCCCC aaaaatttttegoregoregoregoregoriesiesiesi esies,,,,, D D D D DefefefefefineineineineinedddddIDEA provides definitions of the 13 disabilitycategories listed above.

6 Federal definitions guidehow states define who is eligible for a freeappropriate public education Under IDEA. Thedefinitions are as A A A A a developmental disabilitysignificantly affecting verbal andnonverbal communication and socialinteraction, generally evident beforeage three, that adversely affects achild s educational characteristics often associ-ated with autism are engaging inrepetitive activities and stereotypedmovements, resistance to environ-mental change or change in dailyroutines, and unusual responses tosensory experiences. The term autismdoes not apply if the child s educationalperformance is adversely affected primarilybecause the child has an emotional disturbance,as defined in #4 child who shows the characteristics ofautism after age 3 could be diagnosed as havingautism if the criteria above are D D D D concomitant [simultaneous]

7 Hearing andvisual impairments, the combination of whichcauses such severe communication and otherdevelopmental and educational needs that theycannot be accommodated in special educationprograms solely for children with deafness orchildren with D D D D a hearing impairment so severe that achild is impaired in processing linguistic informa-tion through hearing, with or withoutamplification, that adversely affects a child'seducational E E E E Emotional Dmotional Dmotional Dmotional Dmotional a condition exhibiting one or more ofthe following characteristics over a long period oftime and to a marked degree that adversely affectsa child s educational performance:(a) An inability to learn that cannot beexplained by intellectual, sensory, orhealth factors.(b) An inability to build ormaintain satisfactory interpersonalrelationships with peers andteachers.(c) Inappropriate types ofbehavior or feelings undernormal circumstances.

8 (d) A general pervasive mood ofunhappiness or depression. (e) A tendency to develop physical symptomsor fears associated with personal or term includes schizophrenia. The termdoes not apply to children who are sociallymaladjusted, unless it is determined that theyhave an emotional H H H H Hearearearearearing Impairing Impairing Impairing Impairing an impairment in hearing, whetherpermanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects achild s educational performance but is notincluded Under the definition of deafness. In In In In Intttttelleelleelleelleelleccccctual Dtual Dtual Dtual Dtual significantly subaverage generalintellectual functioning, existing concurrently [atthe same time] with deficits in adaptive behaviorand manifested during the developmental period,that adversely affects a child s : 4 Categories of Disability Under Multiple D Multiple D Multiple D Multiple D Multiple concomitant [simultaneous] impair-ments (such as intellectual Disability -blindness,intellectual Disability -orthopedic impairment),the combination of which causes such severeeducational needs that they cannot beaccommodated in special education programssolely for one of the impairments.

9 The term doesnot include Or Or Or Or Orthopethopethopethopethopedic Impairdic Impairdic Impairdic Impairdic a severe orthopedic impairmentthat adversely affects a child s educationalperformance. The term includes impairmentscaused by a congenital anomaly, impairmentscaused by disease ( , poliomyelitis, bonetuberculosis), and impairments from other causes( , cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures orburns that cause contractures). O O O O Other Hther Hther Hther Hther Health Impairealth Impairealth Impairealth Impairealth having limited strength, vitality, oralertness, including a heightened alertness toenvironmental stimuli, that results in limitedalertness with respect to the educationalenvironment, that (a) is due to chronic or acute healthproblems such as asthma, attention deficitdisorder or attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition,hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia,nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia,and Tourette syndrome.

10 And (b) adversely affects a child s S S S S Spepepepepecifcifcifcifcific Lic Lic Lic Lic Learearearearearning Dning Dning Dning Dning a disorder in one or more of the basicpsychological processes involved in understandingor in using language, spoken or written, that maymanifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen,think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do math-ematical calculations. The term includes suchconditions as perceptual disabilities, brain injury,minimal braindysfunction, dyslexia,and developmentalaphasia. The term doesnot include learningproblems that areprimarily the result ofvisual, hearing, ormotor disabilities; ofintellectual Disability ; ofemotional disturbance;or of environmental,cultural, or S S S S Speepeepeepeepeech or Lch or Lch or Lch or Lch or Language Impairanguage Impairanguage Impairanguage Impairanguage a communication disorder such asstuttering, impaired articulation, a languageimpairment, or a voice impairment that adverselyaffects a child s educational TTTTT rrrrraumaaumaaumaaumaaumatic Btic Btic Btic Btic Brrrrrain Injurain Injurain Injurain Injurain an acquired injury to the brain caused byan external physical force, resulting in total orpartial functional Disability or psychosocialimpairment, or both, that adversely affects achild's educational performance.


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