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1 ccna Routing and SwitchingStudy GuideTodd LammleCCNA Routing and SwitchingStudy GuideSenior Acquisitions Editor: Jeff KellumDevelopment Editor: Pete GaughanTechnical Editors: John Swartz and Dax Mickelson Production Editor: Christine O ConnorCopy Editor: Judy FlynnEditorial Manager: Pete GaughanProduction Manager: Tim TateVice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard SwadleyAssociate Publisher, Sybex: Chris WebbMedia Project Manager I: Laura Moss-HollisterMedia Associate Producer: Marilyn HummelMedia Quality Assurance: Doug KuhnBook Designers: Judy Flynn and Bill Gibson Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-RamaProofreader: Sarah Kaikini, Word One New YorkIndexer: Robert SwansonProject Coordinator, Cover: Katherine CrockerCover Designer: Ryan SneedCopyright 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Indianapolis, IndianaPublished simultaneously in CanadaISBN: 978-1-118-74961- 6 ISBN: 978-1-118-74973-9 (ebk.)ISBN: 978-1-118-74970-8 (ebk.)

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5 More than 30 years later, we re still committed to producing con-sistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at If you think you ve found a technical error in this book, please visit Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex. Best regards,Chris WebbAssociate Publisher,SybexAcknowledgmentsThere are many people that work to put a book together, and as an author, I dedicated an enormous amount of time to write this book, but it would have never been published with-out the dedicated, hard work of many other people. Monica Worthy Lammle was crucial to the finished product this book became, going over every word of every chapter with me to fine-tune the language and grammar.

6 Without Monica s support in all areas of my life, I d never have finished writing this in line to thank is my new technical editor, John Swartz, who also coauthored the ccna Data Center study guides with me. His expertise in the Cisco technical field, and his history of networking in general, is second to none. His detailed analysis of my work helped make this my best ccna study guide ever. Thank you, John, for working hard under pressure, with tight deadlines, and for staying the course of delivering high-quality work in a short time Kellum, my acquisitions editor, is instrumental to my success in the world of Cisco certification. Jeff, I look forward to our continued progress O Connor, my production editor, and Judy Flynn, my copyeditor, were my rock and foundation for formatting an intense editing of every page in this book. This amazing team gives me the confidence to help keep me moving during the difficult and very long days, week after week. How Christine stays so organized with all my changes, as well as making sure every figure is in the right place in the book is still a mystery to me!

7 You re amazing, Christine! Thank you! Judy understands my writing style so well now, after doing at least a dozen books with me, that she even sometimes finds a technical error that may have slipped through as I was going through the material. Thank you Judy for doing such a great job! I truly thank you both. Troy McMillian really helped me on this book (on all books actually!) by working on the review and bonus questions, flash cards, as well as a 3rd technical edit on the last stage of editing. He did a high-quality job in a short time! Thanks, Troy! Jim Frey and Paul Sutton really helped me put together this book s amazing figures, and an all-around second-look technical edit. Thank you both! Also, thanks to Dax Mickelson and Dennis Frye for performing the technical proofread of the , a big thanks to Craig Woods at Happenstance-Type-O-Rama and to the Sybex media-development the AuthorTodd Lammle is the authority on Cisco certification and internetworking and is Cisco certi-fied in most Cisco certification categories.

8 He is a world-renowned author, speaker, trainer, and consultant. Todd has three decades of experience working with LANs, WANs, and large enterprise licensed and unlicensed wireless networks, and lately he s been implementing large Cisco data centers worldwide. His years of real-world experience is evident in his writing; he is not just an author but an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience working on the largest networks in the world, at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others. Todd has published over 60 books, including the very popular ccna : Cisco Certified Network Associate study guide , ccna Wireless study guide , and ccna Data Center study guide , all from Sybex. He runs an international consulting and training company based in Colorado, Texas, and San can reach Todd through his forum and blog at at a GlanceIntroduction xxviiICND1 (100-101) Exam Objectives xxxviiiICND2 (200-101) Exam Objectives xlivCCNA Composite (200-120) Exam Objectives xlviiAssessment Test lviiiPart I ICND1 1 Chapter 1 Internetworking 3 Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 41 Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP 87 Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting 139 Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 181 Chapter 6 Cisco s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 213 Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork 283 Chapter 8 IP Routing 331 Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

9 385 Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching 425 Chap te r 11 VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 459 Chapter 12 Security 501 Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT) 541 Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 569 Part II ICND2 613 Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies 615 Chapter 16 Managing Cisco Devices 661 Chapter 17 IP Services 699 Chapter 18 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 741 Chapter 19 Enhanced IGRP 783 Chapter 20 Multi-Area OSPF 847 Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks 897 Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 967 Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 987 Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services 1029 Appendix D About the Additional study Tools 1041 Index 1045 ContentsIntroduction xxviiICND1 (100-101) Exam Objectives xxxviiiICND2 (200-101) Exam Objectives xlivCCNA Composite (200-120)

10 Exam Objectives xlviiAssessment Test lviiiPart I ICND1 1 Chapter 1 Internetworking 3 Internetworking Basics 4 Internetworking Models 12 The Layered Approach 13 Advantages of Reference Models 14 The OSI Reference Model 14 The Application Layer 16 The Presentation Layer 17 The Session Layer 17 The Transport Layer 18 The Network Layer 23 The Data Link Layer 25 The Physical Layer 28 Summary 29 Exam Essentials 30 Written Labs 32 Written Lab : OSI Questions 32 Written Lab : Defining the OSI Layers and Devices 33 Written Lab : Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains 34 Review Questions 35 Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 41 Ethernet Networks in Review 42 Collision Domain 43 Broadcast Domain 44 CSMA /CD 45 Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet 47 Ethernet at the Data Link Layer 49 Ethernet at the Physical Layer 55 ContentsIntroduction 1 Chapter 1 Internetworking 3 Internetworking Basics xii ContentsEthernet Cabling 59 Straight-through Cable 60 Crossover Cable 60 Rolled Cable 62 Fiber Optic 64 Data Encapsulation 66 The Cisco three-layer Hierarchical Model 70 The Core Layer 70 The Distribution Layer 72 The Access Layer 72 Summary 73 Exam Essentials 73 Written Labs 74 Written Lab : Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion 75 Written Lab.