CFED Phase IV Final Report V[10]

1 Earthwork Volumetric Calculations and Characterization of Additional cfed Soils cfed Phase IVDecember 2010ER10-11 Final ReportLooseBankBankLooseSoilWaterAirSoil WaterAirSoilWaterAirCompactedTarget dTarget wlimits dw%CompactedSwellShrinkageBankLooseCompa ctedTechnical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient s Catalog No. ER10-11 4. Title and Subtitle 5.

2 Report Date Earthwork Volumetric Calculations and Laboratory Characterization of Additional cfed Soils cfed Phase IV December 2010 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. David White, Pavana Vennapusa, Jiake Zhang 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Earthworks Engineering Research Center Institute for Transportation Iowa State University 2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4600 Ames, IA 50010-8664 11. Contract or Grant No. 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Caterpillar, Inc.

3 100 NE Adams Street Peoria, IL 61629 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Visit for color PDF files of this and other research reports. 16. Abstract Caterpillar has developed proprietary software technology Compaction Forecasting Expert Database ( cfed ) to predict compaction performance for site specific applications. This Report ( Phase IV) presents laboratory test results of five soil samples collected from field project sites in Utah, Texas, North Dakota, and Iowa and the corresponding cfed analysis. Recommendations for presentation of in-situ test results and soil mineralogy information in cfed , and a database of volumetric factors for earthwork quantity estimation from literature review are also reported herein.

4 Shrinkage and swell factors of a total of 154 soils were collected from the literature and grouped into seven material groups: (1) rocks, (2) gravels, (2) sands, (4) silts, (5) clays, (6) minerals, and (7) other soils. The swell factors statistics showed a narrow range for gravel soils (minimum value maximum value = ) compared to other soils (with minimum value maximum value = to ). The shrinkage factors varied more than the swell factors as the shrinkage factor values are likely influenced by the percent compaction achieved in the field. Future research is warranted emphasizing field studies that focus on developing a database of shrinkage/swell factors for various material types and relative compaction.

5 The database should link shrinkage and swell factors to soil classification, gradation, Atterberg limits (for non-granular soils) parameters, equipment, and laboratory compaction measurements. Step-by-step procedures are also described to estimate moisture-conditioning ( , wetting or drying) of soil for compaction using bank and compacted soil three Phase diagram and weight-volume relationships. These calculations should add value to the contractor s moisture control and conditioning operations. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Proctor compaction, compaction forecasting, earthwork, specifications No restrictions.

6 19. Security Classification (of this Report ) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified. Unclassified. NA Form DOT F (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized EARTHWORK VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIONAL cfed SOILS cfed Phase IV Principal Investigator David J. White, Associate Professor and holder of Wegner Professorship Director, Earthworks Engineering Research Center Co-Principal Investigators Pavana KR.

7 Vennapusa, Research Assistant Professor Heath Gieselman, Assistant Scientist III Research Assistant Jiake Zhang, Authors David White, Pavana Vennapusa, Jiake Zhang Earthworks Engineering Research Center (EERC) Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Iowa State University 2711 South Loop Drive, Suite 4600 Ames, IA 50010-8664 Phone: 515-294-7910 Final Report December 2010 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .. V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. VI INTRODUCTION ..1 BACKGROUND ..2 LABORATORY TESTING METHODS ..5 Particle Size Analysis.

8 5 Atterberg Limits .. 5 Soil Classification .. 5 Proctor Compaction .. 5 Gyratory Compaction .. 6 Vibratory Compaction .. 8 OVERVIEW OF FIELD PROJECTS AND IN-SITU TESTING ..9 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS ..12 Material Description and Soil Index Properties .. 12 Laboratory Compaction Tests Results .. 19 Proctor Compaction Test Results for Soils #2042, 2043, 2044, and 2045 ..19 Proctor, Gyratory, and Vibratory Compaction Test Results for Soil #2046 ..31 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IN SITU DATA AND MINERALOGY DATA PRESENTATION IN cfed ..35 Roller and In Situ Point Data Presentation in cfed .

9 35 Mineralogy Data Presentation in cfed .. 40 EARTHWORK VOLUMETRIC CALCULATIONS ..42 Background .. 42 Shrinkage and Swell Factor 43 Estimation of Wetting and Drying .. 50 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ..54 REFERENCES ..56 APPENDIX: GRADATION TEST RESULTS FOR cfed SOILS ..59 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Example cfed outputs ..3 Figure 2. Current granular and non-granular soils in cfed database (red circles for granular and red squares for non-granular) [note that other symbols in granular soils chart are from a database reported in Hilf (1999)].

10 4 Figure 3. Automated mechanical rammer for Proctor compaction test ..6 Figure 4. AFGB1A gyratory compactor (left) and pressure distribution analyzer ..7 Figure 5. 152 mm (6 inch) diameter compaction mold and vibratory table ..8 Figure 6. Caterpillar 825H tamping foot roller equipped with machine drive power system used on the UT project for compaction of silty subgrade ..10 Figure 7. Caterpillar 815F tamping foot roller equipped with machine drive power system used on the TX project for compaction of fat clay subgrade ..10 Figure 8. Caterpillar CS56 smooth drum with padfoot shellkit roller equipped with machine drive power system used on the ND project for compaction of subgrade silt Figure 9.