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Chap1-anatomical terminology [Compatibility - LA Mission

Anatomical TerminologyDr. Anatomy: is the study of structures orbody parts and their relationships to onanother. Anatomy : Gross Anatomical position: body is erect, feettogether, palms face forward and thethumbs point away from the body .Directional Terms Superior : means the part is above another or closer to head (cranial ).Vs. Inferior: means the part is below another or towards the feet (caudal). Anterior: means towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain)-[ventral]. Posterior: means toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oralcavity)-[dorsal]. Medial : relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equalright and left halves (the nose is medial to the eyes).Vs. Lateral: means to words the side with respect to the imaginary midline(the ears are lateral to the eyes). Ipsilateral: the same side (the spleen and descending colon areipsilateral ).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) = magnetism is applied to the human Body, and the response of atoms' nuclei in a tissue will produce a computerized image . Hydrogen ion nuclei is most popular . • Ultrasound (US) = high – frequency sound waves are applied to body. When sound waves make contact with an object, certain amount of sound

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Transcription of Chap1-anatomical terminology [Compatibility - LA Mission

1 Anatomical TerminologyDr. Anatomy: is the study of structures orbody parts and their relationships to onanother. Anatomy : Gross Anatomical position: body is erect, feettogether, palms face forward and thethumbs point away from the body .Directional Terms Superior : means the part is above another or closer to head (cranial ).Vs. Inferior: means the part is below another or towards the feet (caudal). Anterior: means towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain)-[ventral]. Posterior: means toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oralcavity)-[dorsal]. Medial : relates to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equalright and left halves (the nose is medial to the eyes).Vs. Lateral: means to words the side with respect to the imaginary midline(the ears are lateral to the eyes). Ipsilateral: the same side (the spleen and descending colon areipsilateral ).

2 Vs. Contralateral : Refers to the opposite side (the spleen and gallbladderare contralateral ). Proximal : is used to describe a part that is closer to the trunk of thebody or closer to another specified point of reference than anotherpart (the elbow is proximal to the wrist). Distal: it means that a particular body part is farther from the trunk orfarther from another specified point of reference than another part(fingers are distal to the wrist). Superficial: means situated near the surface. Peripheral also meansoutward or near the Deep: is used to describe parts that are more internal .Regional Terms Axial part: includes the head, neck, andtrunk. Appendicularpart: Includes the limbswhich are attached to the body's of Organization Particles atom molecule macromolecule organelle cell tissue organ organ system organism.

3 Body cavities hollow spaces within the human body that containinternal )The dorsal cavity:located toward the back of the body, isdivided into thecranial cavity(which holds the brain) andvertebralorspinal cavity(which holds the spinal cord).b)The ventral cavity:located toward the front of the body, isdivided intoabdominopelviccavity andthoracic cavityby thedivided intoabdominopelviccavity andthoracic cavityby is subdivided intoabdominal cavity(which holds liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidney,small, and large intestines) and thepelvic cavity(which holds theurinary bladder and reproductive organs).The thoracic cavity is subdivided into thepleural cavity(whichholds the lungs) andpericardial cavity(which holds the heart).Dorsal and ventral body cavitiesBody membranes Body membranes tissuelinings of body cavities andcoverings of internalorgans.

4 Parietal membrane lining of body cavity ( pleural membranelines the pleural cavity ) visceral membrane covering of internal organ( visceral pleuralmembrane lines the surfaceof the lungs).Eleven organ systems1. Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, digestive,respiratory, Circulatory, lymphatic, urinary, and reproductive systems .2. The reproductive system is mainly involved in transmitting geneticinformation From one generation to another, while the remaining 10organ systems are important in maintaining These 11 organ systems may be classified by their functions :3. These 11 organ systems may be classified by their functions : Protection integumentary system . Support and movement skeletal and muscular systems . Integration and coordination nervous and endocrine systems . Processing and transport digestive , respiratory , circulatory ,lymphatic , and urinary systems.

5 Reproduction and development reproductive system .Body Sections Sagittal plane divides thebody into left and rightsections. Midsagittal (median) plane divides the body intoequal halves at midline. Frontal (coronal) plane Frontal (coronal) plane divides the body intoanterior and posteriorsections. Transverse (horizontal)plane divides the bodyinto superior and regions The abdominal area is subdivided into 9 nine abdominopelvic regionsThe four abdominopelvic quadrantsCommon Terms abdominal= region between thorax and pelvis. antebrachial=the forearm. antecubital= the front of elbow. axillary=the armpit. brachial= the upper arm. celiac=the abdomen. celiac=the abdomen. cephalic=the head. cervical=the neck. costal=the ribs. cubital=the elbow. femoral=the thigh. gluteal=the buttock. lumbar=the lower imaging Techniques that are essential for diagnosing a widerange of disorders.

6 Conventional radiography= X-rays pass through thebody and expose on X-ray film, producing a negativeimage called a roentgenogram. Computed tomography scanning (CT)orcomputerized axial tomography (CAT) = X-rays passthrough the body , tissues absorb small amounts ofradiation depending on their densities , and theabsorption is indicated on a monitor. Effective fortumor, kidney stones, gallstones, Scan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)= magnetismis applied to the human Body, and the responseof atoms' nuclei in a tissue will produce acomputerized image . Hydrogen ion nuclei is mostpopular . Ultrasound (US)= high frequency sound waves Ultrasound (US)= high frequency sound wavesare applied to body. When sound waves makecontact with an object, certain amount of soundbounces back and be detected as image


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