CHAPTER 11 GUIDED READING The Russian Empire

1 Wh10a-IDR-0311_P2 11/24/2003 3:12 PM Page 23. Name Date CHAPTER . 11 GUIDED READING The Russian Empire Section 2. A. Determining Main Ideas As you read about the Byzantine culture that developed in Russia, take notes to answer the questions in the boxes. 1. What ties linked Kiev to Byzantium? 2. How did Vladimir and his son Yaroslav contribute to the power of Kiev? 3. What factors brought about Kiev's decline? 4. How did the Mongols treat the Russian people? 5. What were some effects of Mongol rule 6. What events marked the beginning of an on Russia? independent Russian Empire ? McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. B. Summarizing On the back of this paper, identify each person or group in the early history of Russia. Slavs Vladimir Alexander Nevsky Ivan III. Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 23. wh10a-IDR-0311_P5 11/24/2003 3:12 PM Page 26.

2 Name Date CHAPTER . SKILLBUILDER PRACTICE Formulating 11 Historical Questions Section 2. Asking questions will help you clarify information you read and enhance your understanding of events, people, and issues in history. Read the passage below and then ll in the diagram with questions that would help you nd out more about the Kremlin. (See Skillbuilder Handbook). was adorned with 20 towers. Within the Kremlin, I n 1480, Moscow, the strongest of the Russian states, freed itself from Mongol rule. Moscow's Prince Ivan III, who called himself czar, the Ivan built a palace for himself, a second palace for the head of the Russian Church, and three great Russian version of Caesar, wanted to make Moscow churches that faced onto a central square. a capital city t for an emperor. Moscow became the capital of a new and The center of the city was a walled citadel, or aggressive Empire and Ivan became the rst czar fortress, known as the Kremlin.

3 The term kremlin of a united Russian nation. Hundreds of years refers to the walled central section of any city or later, the Kremlin would became synonymous with town. Ivan had the old triangular wall around the the government of the Soviet Union. It would Kremlin torn down and a massive new wall, 60 feet house the Soviet parliament and Communist party high and 15 feet thick, built in its place. The wall conventions. McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. The History of the Kremlin 26 Unit 3, CHAPTER 11. wh10a-IDR-0311-0022-0041 2/4/2004 3:05 PM Page 27. Name Date CHAPTER GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: LOCATION. 11 Growth of Early Russia Section 2 Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the map carefully. Then answer the questions that follow. early Russia to Christianity. Although Kiev's proximity D uring the sixth and seventh centuries, Scandinavian traders transported goods to and from Constantinople.

4 They traveled through an and contact with Byzantium is largely responsible for the conversion to Christianity, one account area of present-day Russia so frequently that com- states that Vladimir chose Christianity over Islam munities and a primitive government began to because he could not accept a religion that rejected form. These Scandinavians even coined the word alcohol. Russia. They may have gotten it from the Greek Kievan Russia declined in the 12th century word for red, which was the hair color of many of because of internal problems and the Mongol inva- yyy ;;;. these Viking traders. sions. Around 1300, the Orthodox Church chose Around 855, a Danish man named Rurik Moscow as its center. As a result, Moscow, original- became the first Russian king and Kiev became the ly a region of Russia, began to emerge as an impor- center of early Russia.

5 A descendant of Rurik, tant city. Vladimir I, who ruled from 980 to 1015, converted ;;;. yyy Early Russia, 1000 1505. ARCTIC OCEAN. via na di ;;;. yyy n a c yy ;;. S. Ob R. a Se ic l t Volkhov R. Volkhov Ba Novgorod ;;;;yy;y;. yyy Lovat R. McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. EUROPE. Dnieper R. R. Kiev Ural R. D. ga on . V ol R.. Kievan Russia about 1000. Moscow A ra l about 1300. Black S Sea Moscow C. e a about 1505. as Constantinople pi an M. e Byza d nti 0 1,000 Miles it um Sea er ra 0 2,000 Kilometers ne a n S e a Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 27. wh10a-IDR-0311_P7 11/24/2003 3:12 PM Page 28. Name Growth of Early Russia continued Interpreting Text and Visuals 1. How did the location of Kiev contribute to its rise as the center of early Russia? _____. _____. 2. What river borders the eastern end of Russia around 1505?

6 _____. 3. At its longest point, how far across is Kievan Russia at about 1000? Moscow about 1505? ____. _____. 4. How many miles would a trader beginning in Novgorod and traveling to Constantinople have to go via the Dnieper River and the Black Sea? _____. _____. 5. Name the body of water that borders Kievan Russia. _____. _____. 6. Describe the most likely route that a Scandinavian trader would have used to get to Constantinople. _____. _____. _____. 7. What geographical feature(s) made the location of Moscow so valuable? Why? _____. _____. McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. _____. _____. 8. Compare Moscow of 1505 to Moscow of 1300. How did the region change? _____. _____. 28 Unit 3, CHAPTER 11. wh10a-IDR-0311_P10 11/24/2003 3:12 PM Page 31. Name Date CHAPTER PRIMARY SOURCE from Primary Chronicle 11 The Primary Chronicle, a history of Russia from the 10th to the 12th centuries, was written by monks in about 1110.

7 This excerpt describes the conversion of Section 2 Vladimir, the ruler of the Russian principality of Kiev, to Byzantine Christianity and his baptism after conquering Kherson, a Greek city by the Black Sea. According to this account, why did Vladimir decide to accept baptism? V ladimir and his retinue entered the city, and he sent messages to the emperors Basil and Constantine, saying, Behold, I have captured your row to the river, he will be an enemy of mine.. When the people heard this they went gladly, rejoicing and saying, If this were not good, the glorious city. I have also heard that you have an prince and his boyars would not have accepted it.. unwedded sister. Unless you give her to me in mar- On the morrow the prince went forth to the Dnieper riage, I shall deal with your own city as I have with with the priests of the princess and those from Kherson.

8 When the emperors heard this message Kherson, and a countless multitude assembled. They they were troubled, and they issued this statement: all went into the water; some stood up to their necks, It is not proper for Christians to give women in others to their breasts.. The priests stood by and marriage to pagans. If you are baptized, you shall offered prayers. There was joy in heaven and upon have her for your wife, inherit the kingdom of God, earth at the sight of so many souls saved. But the and be our co-believer. If you do not do so, howev- Devil groaned, Woe is me! They are driving me er, we cannot give you our sister in marriage. out of here! .. When Vladimir learned of their response, he said He [Vladimir] ordered that wooden churches to the emperors' envoys, Tell the emperors I will should be built and established where [pagan] idols accept baptism, since I have already given some had previously stood.

9 He founded the Church of study to your religion, and the Greek faith and ritu- Saint Basil on the hill where the idol of Perun and al, as described by the emissaries I sent to examine the other images had been set, and where the it, has pleased me well. When the emperors heard prince and the people had offered their sacri ces. this report they rejoiced and persuaded their sister He began to found churches, to assign priests Anna [to consent to the match]. They then sent throughout the cities and towns, and to bring people word to Vladimir, Be baptized, and then we shall in for baptism from all towns and villages. He began send you our sister. But Vladimir said, Let your to take the children of the best families and send sister herself come [with the priests] to baptize them for instruction from books. me. The emperors complied with his request and from George Vernadsky, ed.

10 , A Source Book for Russian sent their sister, accompanied by some dignitaries History from Early Times to 1917 (New Haven: Yale McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. and priests .. The bishop [episkop] of Kherson, University Press, 1972), Vol. 1, 12 26. Reprinted in Peter together with the princess's priests .. baptized N. Stearns, ed., Documents in World History, Vol. 1 (New York: Harper Collins, 1988), 162 163. Vladimir.. As a bride price in exchange for the princess, he gave Kherson back to the Greeks and then went Activity Options back to Kiev. 1. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects When the prince arrived at his capital, he Draw a cause-and-effect diagram to illustrate directed that the idols should be overturned and what happened as a result of Vladimir's conver- that some should be cut to pieces and others sion to Byzantine Christianity.