Chapter 14

1 287 Chapter 14 ReferencesJanet S. Dodd, Leah Solla, and Paula M. B rardThis Chapter presents style conventions for citing references within a manuscript and for listing complete reference citations. Many of the references in the examples were created to illustrate a style point under discussion; they may not be real References in TextIn ACS publications, you may cite references in text in three ways:1. By superscript numbers, which appear outside the punctuation if the citation applies to a whole sentence or in the reaction of benzaldehyde with oxygen was reported By italic numbers in parentheses on the line of text and inside the mineralization of TCE by a pure culture of a methane-oxidizing organism has been reported (6).

2 3. By author name and year of publication in parentheses inside the punctua-tion (known as author date).The primary structure of this enzyme has also been determined (Finnegan et al., 2004).In ACS books, all three of these systems are used, depending on the subject mat-ter and series. Table 14-1 lists the referencing systems used by the ACS journals currently in 2006 American Chemical Society288 The ACS Style GuideTable 14-1. ACS Periodicals, with Referencing Style, CASSI Abbreviation, and 2006 Volume NumberName as Registered in the Patent and Trademark OfficeReferencing StyleaCASSI Abbreviation2006 Vol.

3 Accounts of Chemical Research1 Acc. Chem. Chemical Biology2 ACS Chem. Chemistry1 Anal. review issues2 Biochemistry2 Biochemistry45 Bioconjugate Chemistry2 Bioconjugate Progress2 Biotechnol. & Engineering NewsChem. Eng. News84 Chemical Research in Toxicology2 Chem. Res. Reviews1 Chem. of Materials1 Chem. Growth & Design1 Cryst. Growth & Fuels1 Energy Fuels20 Environmental Science & Technology2 Environ. Sci. & Engineering Chemistry Research1 Ind. Eng. Chem. Chemistry1 Inorg. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2J.

4 Agric. Food of the American Chemical Society1J. Am. Chem. of Chemical and Engineering Data1J. Chem. Eng. Data51 Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling1J. Chem. Inf. of Chemical Theory and Computation1J. Chem. Theory of Combinatorial Chemistry1J. Comb. of Medicinal Chemistry1J. Med. of Natural Products1J. Nat. Journal of Organic Chemistry1J. Org. Journal of Physical Chemistry A1J. Phys. Chem. A110 The Journal of Physical Chemistry B1J. Phys. Chem. B110 Journal of Proteome Research1J. Proteome Pharmaceutics1 Mol.

5 Letters1 Nano Letters1 Org. Process Research & Development1 Org. Process Res. style 1 uses superscript numbers, and 2 uses italic numbers in parentheses on the line of the text. Chapter 14: References 289 In all three systems, the author s name may be made part of the sentence. In such cases, in the author date system, place only the year in syntheses described by Fraser8 take advantage of carbohydrate (3) reported oscillation in the reaction of benzaldehyde with to Harris (2003), drug release is controlled by varying the hydrolytic stability of the ester bond.

6 With numerical reference citations, start with 1 and number consecutively throughout the paper, including references in text and those in tables, figures, and other nontext components. If a reference is repeated, do not give it a new number; use the original reference number. Whenever authors are named, if a reference has two authors, give both names joined by the word and . If a reference has more than two authors, give only the first name listed, followed by et al. Do not use a comma before et al.; always use a period after and Perez12 Johnson et al.

7 (12)(O Brien and Alenno, 2005)(Bachrach et al., 2004) To cite more than one reference by the same principal author and various coauthors in one of the numerical citation systems, use the principal author s name followed by and co-workers or and colleagues .Pauling and co-workers10,11 Cram and colleagues (27 29) When citing more than one reference at one place by number in one of the numerical systems, list the numbers in ascending order and separate them by commas (without spaces as superscripts, with spaces on line), or if they are part of a consecutive series, use an en dash to indicate a range of three or the literature2,5,8were reported3 5,10in the literature (2, 5, 8)were reported (3 5, 10)

8 When citing more than one reference at one place by the author date sys-tem, list them alphabetically according to the first author s name, followed by a comma and the year. Use a semicolon to separate individual references.(Axelrod, 2003; Cobbs and Stolman, 2005; Gerson et al., 2001)290 The ACS Style Guide When citing more than one reference by the same author at one place by the author date system, do not repeat the name. List the name followed by the year of each of the references in ascending order; separate the years by commas.

9 If an author has more than one reference in the same year, add lowercase letters to the years to differentiate them. Add letters to all of the years, for example, 2005a, 2005b, etc., not 2005, 2005a, etc. (The references in the list will need to be listed the same way, for example, 2005a, 2005b.(Trapani, 2003, 2005; Zillman, 2004)(Knauth, 2005a, 2005b)(Fordham, 2004; Fordham and Rizzo, 2004) Cite the reference in a logical place in the investigations (cite)other developments (cite)was reported (cite)as described previously (cite)previous results (cite)were demonstrated (cite)a molecular mechanics study (cite)Marshall and Levitt s approach (cite)the procedure of Lucas et al.)

10 (cite)Style for Reference ListsAuthors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of all references. Authors should check all parts of each reference listing against the original reference must include certain minimum data: Periodical references must include the author names, abbreviated jour-nal title, year of publication, volume number (if any), and initial page of cited article (the complete span is better). Book references must include the author or editor names, book title, pub-lisher, city of publication, and year of publication.