CHAPTER 18 The National Judiciary

1 2 Guided Reading and ReviewChapter 18, section 1 Prentice-Hall, 1: Guided Reading and ReviewThe National JudiciaryNAMECLASSDATE18 CHAPTERA. As You ReadAs you read section 1, answer the questions did Article III, section 1 of the Constitution create? are constitutional courts? are special courts? what circumstances may federal courts hear a case? is the procedure for the selection of federal judges? is the primary function of federal judges? long are the terms of judges of constitutional courts? long are the terms of judges in special courts? _____B. Reviewing Key TermsWrite the definition of each term in the left column in the box in the right Definitionexclusive jurisdiction jurisdiction jurisdiction 21, section 3 Guided Reading and Review33A. As You ReadUse the time line to organize information on the legislation and Supreme Court cases dealing withcivil rights.

2 Fill in the appropriate act or case for each date indicated on the time line in the spaceprovided. Then explain the significance of each Reviewing Key TermsDefine the following terms on a separate sheet of discriminationNAMECLASSDATES ection 3 Guided Reading and ReviewFederal Civil Rights Laws21 CHAPTERC hapter 21, section 2 Guided Reading and Review31A. As You ReadComplete the outline by supplying the missing words or phrases in the Protection Classification The government is allowed to _____, or draw distinctions, between groups, but it may not do so Rational Basis Test The rational basis test asks: Does the classification in question bear a reasonable relationship to the achievement of some _____? Strict Scrutiny Test In cases dealing with _____, such as the rightto vote, or _____, such as those based on race or sex, the Supreme Courtimposes the strict scrutiny test, which requires that the State prove that some _____ justifies the distinctions it has in Separate-but-Equal Doctrine In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld racial segregation bysaying that segregated facilities for African Americans were lawful as long as the separatefacilities were Topeka Board of Education,1954 In 1954 the Court reversed itself, ruling thatsegregation was _____ and must be Jure and De Facto Segregation Attention turned toward schools that practiced_____, often brought about by housing by 20 years ago, the Court has upheld _____ , sex is a suspect classification.

3 And is allowed only in cases where the law is intendedto serve an important _____ objective. B. Reviewing Key TermsDefine the following terms on a separate sheet of Crow jure facto segregationNAMECLASSDATES ection 2 Guided Reading and ReviewEquality Before the Law21 CHAPTERC hapter 21, section 1 Guided Reading and Review29A. As You ReadAs you read the section , summarize the information given on each group below in the space Reviewing Key TermsPlace a check mark next to each of the following pairs that correctly matches a term from thischapter with its definition. land set aside by the government for Native-American use made up of several ingredients agreement person who comes to the United States for religious reasons new citizenNAMECLASSDATES ection 1 Guided Reading and ReviewDiversity and Discrimination in American Society21 CHAPTERA frican Reading and ReviewChapter 20, section 4A.

4 As You ReadEach of the statements under the main heading in the outline below is incorrect. Rewrite each on aseparate sheet of paper to make it and Preventive person accused of a crime must be allowed to set his or her own Supreme Court rejected preventive detention in Stackv. Boyle, and Unusual 6th Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and the 13th Amendment extends that prohibition to the Supreme Court has ruled that death by firing squad is cruel and States have capital punishment State can impose the death penalty only for crimes resulting in excessive cruelty to the is the only crime specifically defined in the Constitution because the Framers knew that its meaning would be lost with person can be convicted of treason if there is one eyewitness to the treasonous Reviewing Key TermsMatch the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II.

5 Write the correct letter in war against the United States or giving aid and comfort to its the accused without bail when there is reason to believe the accused will commit serious crimes before an accused person must deposit with the court to guarantee an appearance at death penaltySection 4 Guided Reading and ReviewPunishmentNAMECLASSDATE20 CHAPTERC olumn Reading and ReviewChapter 20, section 3A. As You ReadCopy the chart below onto a separate sheet of paper and then fill in the blanks to organize infor-mation about the legal terms introduced in this the following questions on a separate sheet of four criteria are used to determine if a trial delay is unconstitutional? is a petit jury? was the Supreme Court s ruling in Escobedov. Illinois,1964? does the 5th Amendment ban?B. Reviewing Key TermsDefine the following term on a separate sheet of jury section 3 Guided Reading and ReviewRights of the AccusedNAMECLASSDATE20 CHAPTERL egal TermDefinitionPurposewrit of habeas of law that applies act committed before its overzealousprosecutors from recklesslycharging people with accusation brought byallows grand jury to act whena grand jury on its own a prosecutor has some interestmotionin not prosecutingdouble defendant always has the right to a jury trial, but thatmay be waived if the defendant is fully aware of his or her prevent the police fromcoercing confessions or self-incriminating testimony fromuninformed suspects22 Guided Reading and ReviewChapter 20, section 2A.

6 As You ReadAs you read the section , fill in the chart below. Write the provisions of each amendment in the firstcolumn. In the second column, give an example of a Supreme Court ruling that was based on theprovisions of each Reviewing Key TermsMatch the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the correct letter in reasonable suspicion of a ; unfairness seized evidence cannot be used against the person from whom it was blanket search warrantSection 2 Guided Reading and ReviewFreedom and Security of the PersonNAMECLASSDATE20 CHAPTERC olumn of servitudeNot ApplicableA m e n d m e n tProvisionsExamples13th1. Reading and ReviewChapter 20, section 1A. As You ReadUse the chart below to organize information about the legitimate uses of the States police Reviewing Key TermsDefine the following terms on a separate sheet of paper.

7 Then, describe a court case involving due due of privacyIn the space provided, use each key term in a sentence that shows the meaning of the power warrant _____Section 1 Guided Reading and ReviewDue Process LawNAMECLASSDATE20 CHAPTERUses of the Police PowerStates Duty to Protect:ExamplesHealth1. _____2. _____seat-belt laws, drunk driving laws, laws against _____concealed weaponsMorals3. _____4. _____compulsory education laws, regulation of public_____utilities, assist medically needyChapter 19, section 4 Guided Reading and Review17A. As You ReadThe following paragraphs summarize section 4. As you read the section , fill in the blanks with themissing words or (1.)_____ Amendment guarantees the right of people to (2.)_____,peaceably and to petition government for ( 3 . )_____. The ( 4 . )_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Amendment extends this protection to actions by State and local governments.

8 However, the Courthas allowed government to place reasonable limits on these rights in the form of (5.)_____ regulations. For example, parades cannot be held near a courthouse whencourt is in session if they are ( 6 . )_____. But government regulation of the right ofassembly must be precisely drawn and (7.)_____. In addition, while government canregulate assembly on the basis of ( 8 . )_____, it cannot regulate on the basis of (9.) demonstrations take place in public places because ( 1 0 . )_____. How-e v e r, the Court has held that it is permissible for the government to require demonstrators to give ( 1 1 . )_____ and acquire ( 1 2 . )_____ before demonstrating in the case of G r e g o r yv. C h i c a g o ,1969, the Court held that demonstrators cannot becharged with disorderly conduct as long as they (13.)

9 _____, even if their actions leadto(14.) more recent years, cases have focused on demonstrations at ( 1 5 . )_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .The Court has held that local ordinances can require a buffer zone to avoid blocking access on ( 1 6 . )_____, such as shopping malls, are viewed differ-ently by the Court. The Court has ruled that State supreme courts may interpret State constitutionsin such a way as to allow (17.) Reviewing Key TermsDefine the following key terms in the space neutral of association _____NAMECLASSDATES ection 4 Guided Reading and ReviewFreedom of Assembly and Petition19 CHAPTERA. As You ReadUse the chart to organize information about important Supreme Court rulings in cases involvingfreedom of speech and Reviewing Key TermsOn a separate sheet of paper, define the following lawCaseDateRulingSchenckv.

10 United _____Millerv. California19733. _____New York Timesv. United that reporters must respond to relevant questions in a valid grand jury investigation or a criminal trialBurstynv. _____1940held that television is protected by the 1st Amendment, but its protection is very limited10. _____1940struck down a law that made picketing a place of business a crimeGreater New Orleans United States_____Chapter 19, section 3 Guided Reading and Review15 Prentice-Hall, 3 Guided Reading and ReviewFreedom of Speech and Press19 CHAPTERC hapter 19, section 2 Guided Reading and Review13 Prentice-Hall, As You ReadOn a separate sheet of paper, write the decisions for each of the cases listed below. The cases on theleft involved an interpretation of the Establishment Clause and the cases on the right involved aninterpretation of the Free Exercise Reviewing Key TermsDefine the following terms in the space Clause Exercise Clause _____NAMECLASSDATES ection 2 Guided Reading and ReviewFreedom of Religion19 CHAPTERE stablishment Clause Society of Sisters, Board of Education, Clauson, Vitale, School Districtv.