Chapter 22: Overseas Expansion, 1865-1917

1 636 OverseasExpansion1865 1917 Why It MattersInternational power came to the United States with political strength and industrialgrowth. As its power increased, the United States moved beyond its territorial limits in search of new markets and colonies. The Impact Today The United States began to compete with other nations for more trade and more this rivalry, the United States rose to take a major role in shaping world American JourneyVideoThe Chapter 22 video, Bring Me the Pictures and I ll Bring You the War, discusses the rise of yellow journalism and its role in the Spanish-American Alaska purchasedfrom RussiaCHAPTER 22 Overseas Expansion186518751885 Grant1869 18771887 establishes navalbase at Pearl Harbor1889 Pan-AmericanUnion establishedHayes1877 1881 Arthur1881 1885 Cleveland1885 1889B.

2 Harrison1889 1893 Garfield1881 Johnson1865 18691867 Japan ends 675-year shogun rule1875 Suez Canal comesunder British control1883 Vietnam becomesFrench protectorate6371914 PanamaCanalopens1895 Jos Mart leads revolt in Cuba1910 British form Union ofSouth AfricaHISTORYC hapter OverviewVisit on Chapter 22 Chapter Overviewsto pre-view Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion1895191519051898 Spanish-American War1900 Hawaii territory1901 Cuba grantedindependence1904 RooseveltCorollaryissued1911 Qing dynasty overthrown in ChinaCleveland1893 1897 McKinley1897 1901 Roosevelt1901 1909 Taft1909 1913 Wilson1913 1921 San Juan HillTheodore Roosevelt, who later became the twenty-sixth presi-dent of the United States, leads the Rough Riders cavalry regiment during theSpanish-American War, July ofOverseasExpansionCONS ofOverseasExpansionStep 1 Fold one sheet of paper in half from topto 2 Fold it in half again, from side to 3 Unfold the paper once.

3 Cut up the foldof the top flap 4 Label the foldable as cut willmake two Conclusions Study FoldableInvestigate the pros, or positive outcomes, and thecons, or negative outcomes, of Overseas expansionby making this and Writing As you read, write whatyou learn about the positive and negative effectsof United States Overseas expansion under theappropriate tabs of your Perry sailsinto Tokyo Bay1854 Japan signs Treaty of Kanagawa1867 William Seward signstreaty to buy Alaska1889 Pan-AmericanUnion establishedMain IdeaIn the late 1800s the United Statesacquired lands Termsisolationism, expansionism,imperialismReading StrategyAnalyzing InformationAs you readthe section, re-create the diagrambelow and explain how the UnitedStates made its presence felt in eachcountry or to Learn what factors contributed to thegrowth of American imperialism.

4 How the United States expanded itseconomic and political influence inthe late ThemeEconomic FactorsAmericansexpanded trade with other countriesand competed for political 22 Overseas ExpansionIn the late 1800s and early 1900s, Americans looked beyond their borders andyearned for an empire. Merchants desired Overseas markets, and adventurers wantedanother frontier to conquer. Senator Albert Beveridge voiced the feelings of many whenhe proclaimed in 1900: The Philippines are ours forever.. And just beyond thePhilippines are China s illimitable markets. We will not retreat from either.. ThePacific is our ocean. American Foreign PolicyWhen President George Washington published his Farewell Address in 1796,he advised Americans to increase trade with other countries but to have aslittle political connection as possible.

5 Above all else, he warned Americans to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. These principles guided American foreign policy for about 100 years. However,various people interpreted Washington s words in different ways. SomePreview of EventsGuide to Reading 1850 1870 roleJapanLatin AmericaRussiaPatriotic song sheet, 1898639 Chapter 22 Overseas Expansionbelieved he meant that the United States shouldfollow a policy of isolationism,or noninvolve-ment, in world affairs. Others pointed out thatWashington supported trade with other coun-tries and was not calling for complete isolationfrom the ExpansionismFor many years some Americans dreamed ofexpanding their territory from ocean to land and better opportunities, manyAmericans moved to territories in the West andthe South.

6 This expansionism was a drivingforce in American history. During the Civil War,while the nation was torn apart, expansion cameto a halt. After the war the United States beganrebuilding and expanding settled the vast Great Plains, builtrailroads, and created large cities booming withpeople and busy factories. In 1890, when thenation spanned the North American continentfrom the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, thegovernment issued a report announcing the endof the frontier. Although areas ofunsettled land remained, settlementscould now be found from coast to many Americans the frontiermeant growth and opportunity. The ideathat the frontier no longer existed wasalarming. Americans began to lookbeyond the nation s borders to frontiersoverseas where they could expand tradeand compete for political TradeIn the mid-1800s, American merchantscarried on a profitable trade with Chinaand hoped to expand trade in other areasof the world.

7 Many wanted to open trad-ing relations with Japan, which had longbeen isolated from the 1853 President Millard Fillmore sent Com-modore Matthew Perryon a mission to steaming into Tokyo Bay with four war-ships, Perry asked the Japanese to open up theirports to ships. He told them he wouldreturn in several months for their American show of force alarmed theJapanese. When Perry returned in 1854, theJapanese signed the Treaty of Kanagawaandopened two ports to American ships. Perry ssuccessful mission began a period of tradebetween Japan and the United States. It alsomarked the start of greater American involve-ment in did Washingtonsay about alliances in his Farewell Address?An Age of ImperialismThe United States was not the only Westernnation expanding its trade and influence in Asiaand other parts of the world.

8 The late 1800s andPerry s First Landing in Japan at Kurihama byGessan OgataA Japanese artist depicts Com-modore Matthew Perry s 1853 arrival in was Perry sent on a mission to Japan? History Through Artthe early 1900s were called an age of imperialism,a time when powerful European nations createdlarge empires by exercising economic and polit-ical control over weaker search for materials and markets droveimperialism. The industrial nations of Europeneeded raw materials from Asia and Africa. TheEuropeans also sought new markets for thegoods they manufactured. In their drive for rawmaterials and new markets, European powerscompeted with one another for power and influ-ence in Asia and an EmpireAmerican interest in political as well as eco-nomic expansion developed after the Civil Americans wanted the nation to build anempire.

9 By annexing new lands, they argued,the United States would join the ranks of theworld s great powers and take its rightful placeat the center of of State William H. Seward,appointed by Abraham Lincoln, supported thisview. Seward pictured an American empire thatdominated the Caribbean, Central America, andthe Pacific. Holding this empire together wouldbe a canal across Central America linking theAtlantic and Pacific Oceans, a thriving transcon-tinental railroad system, and rapid communica-tion by means of the Purchase of AlaskaSeward took a major step toward making hisvision a reality with the purchase of Seward signed a treaty with Russia to buythe Russian colony for $ million an extraor-dinary bargain for a territory that was twice thesize of the time many people ridiculed Seward spurchase.

10 They regarded Alaska as a barren, ice-bound land. Newspapers mocked the purchaseas Seward s Ice Box and a polar bear gar-den. After gold was discovered in Alaska in the1890s, however, Seward s folly began to seemmore like a wise purchase. In 1912 Alaskabecame a territory of the United Sense of MissionSome Americans had another reason for impe-rialist expansion. They had a sense of mission a belief that they could lift up people theyconsidered uncivilized by sharing Christianityand western civilization with the rest of theworld. Josiah Strong,a Congregational minister,proposed an imperialism of righteousness, with Americans bringing their religion and theirculture to the peoples of Africa, Asia, and theUnited States s closest neighbor, Latin 22 Overseas ExpansionSecretary of State William H.