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CHAPTER 4 Forces in One Dimension - Mr. Nguyen's Website

Physics: Principles and ProblemsSolutions Manual61 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, in One DimensionCHAPTERP ractice and Motionpages 87 95page 89 For each of the following situations, specify the systemand draw a motion diagram and a free-body dia-gram. Label all Forces with their agents, and indicatethe direction of the acceleration and of the net vectors of appropriate flowerpot falls freely from a windowsill.(Ignore any Forces due to air resistance.) sky diver falls downward through the airat constant velocity. (The air exerts anupward force on the person.) cable pulls a crate at a constant speedacross a horizontal surface. The surface pro-vides a force that resists the crate s rope lifts a bucket at a constant speed.

gram of a water bucket being lifted by a rope at a decreasing speed. Specifically identify the system. Label all forces with their agents and make the arrows the correct lengths. Frope on bucket FEarth’s mass on bucket System a Sugar Fhand on bag System FEarth’s mass on bag a! 0 62 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and Problems

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Transcription of CHAPTER 4 Forces in One Dimension - Mr. Nguyen's Website

1 Physics: Principles and ProblemsSolutions Manual61 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, in One DimensionCHAPTERP ractice and Motionpages 87 95page 89 For each of the following situations, specify the systemand draw a motion diagram and a free-body dia-gram. Label all Forces with their agents, and indicatethe direction of the acceleration and of the net vectors of appropriate flowerpot falls freely from a windowsill.(Ignore any Forces due to air resistance.) sky diver falls downward through the airat constant velocity. (The air exerts anupward force on the person.) cable pulls a crate at a constant speedacross a horizontal surface. The surface pro-vides a force that resists the crate s rope lifts a bucket at a constant speed.

2 (Ignore air resistance.) rope lowers a bucket at a constant speed.(Ignore air resistance.) vvvvFrope on bucketFEarth s mass on bucketFnet ! 0a ! 0"ySystem"yvvvvFrope on bucketFEarth s mass on bucketFnet ! 0a ! 0 System"xva ! 0 Fnet ! 0 Fpull on crateFfriction on cratevvvSystem"yvvvFEarth s mass on diverFair resistance on divera ! 0 SystemFnet ! 0"yFEarth s mass on flowerpotvaSystemFnetpage horizontal Forces , 225 N and 165 N,are exerted on a canoe. If these Forces areapplied in the same direction, find the nethorizontal force on the canoe. Fnet!225 N"165 N ! #102N in the direction of the two the same two Forces as in the previousproblem are exerted on the canoe in oppo-site directions, what is the net horizontalforce on the canoe?

3 Be sure to indicate thedirection of the net !225 N$165 N ! #101N in the direction of the larger confused sleigh dogs are trying topull a sled across the Alaskan snow. Alutiapulls east with a force of 35 N, Seward alsopulls east but with a force of 42 N, and bigKodiak pulls west with a force of 53 is the net force on the sled? Identify east as positive and the sled asthe !FAlutia on sled"FSeward on sled$FKodiak on sled!35 N "42 N $53 N !24 N Fnet!24 N eastSection and Motionpages 87 95page each of the following aseither a, b,or c:weight, mass, inertia, thepush of a hand, thrust, resistance, air resis-tance, spring force, and acceleration. contact field force a forceweight (b), mass (c), inertia (c), push ofa hand (a), thrust (a), resistance (a),air resistance (a), spring force (a), accel-eration (c) you feel the inertia of a pencil?

4 Of a book? If you can, describe , you can feel the iner tia of eitherobject by using your hand to give eitherobject an acceleration; that is, try tochange the objects DiagramDraw a free-body dia-gram of a bag of sugar being lifted by yourhand at a constant speed. Specifically identifythe system. Label all Forces with their agentsand make the arrows the correct of VelocityIf you push a bookin the forward direction, does this mean itsvelocity has to be forward?No, it could be moving backward andyou would be reducing that DiagramDraw a free-body dia-gram of a water bucket being lifted by a ropeat a decreasing speed. Specifically identifythe system. Label all Forces with their agentsand make the arrows the correct on bucketFEarth s mass on bucketSystemaSugarFhand on bagFEarth s mass on bagSystema !

5 062 Solutions ManualPhysics: Principles and ProblemsCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 4 continuedPhysics: Principles and ProblemsSolutions Manual63 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, ThinkingA force of 1 N is theonly force exerted on a block, and the accel-eration of the block is measured. When thesame force is the only force exerted on asecond block, the acceleration is three timesas large. What can you conclude about themasses of the two blocks?Because m!F/aand the Forces are thesame, the mass of the second block isone-third the mass of the first Newton s Lawspages 96 101page place a watermelon on a spring scale atthe supermarket.

6 If the mass of the watermel-on is kg, what is the reading on the scale?The scale reads the weight of the water-melon:Fg!mg!( kg)( m/s2) !39 is learning how to ice-skate. Shewants her mother to pull her along so thatshe has an acceleration of m/s2. IfKamaria s mass is kg, with what forcedoes her mother need to pull her? (Neglectany resistance between the ice andKamaria s skates.) Fnet!ma!( kg)( m/s2) !22 and Reiko simultaneously grab piece of rope and begin tugging onit in opposite directions. If Taru pulls witha force of N and the rope acceleratesaway from her at m/s2, with whatforce is Reiko pulling?Identify Reiko s direction as positiveand the rope as the !FRieko on rope$FTa r u o n ro p e!

7 MaFRieko on rope!ma"FTa r u o n ro p e!( kg)( m/s2)" N!17 Figure 4-8,the block has a mass of kg and the sphere has a mass of are the readings on the two scales?(Neglect the masses of the scales.) Figure 4-8 Bottom scale: Identify the sphere as thesystem and up as !Fscale on sphere$FEarth s mass on sphere!ma!0 Fscale on sphere!FEarth s mass on sphere!msphereg!( kg)( m/s2)!29 NTop scale: Identify the block as the sys-tem and up as !Ftop scale on block$Fbottom scale on block$FEarth s mass on block!ma!0 Ftop scale on block!Fbottom scale on block"FEarth s mass on block!Fbottom scale on block"mblockg!29 N "( kg)( m/s2)!41 NChapter 4 continuedpage Earth, a scale shows that you weigh 585 is your mass?

8 The scale reads 585 N. Since there isno acceleration, your weight equalsthe downward force of gravity:Fg!mgso m!!! would the scale read on the Moon(g! m/s2)?On the moon,gchanges:Fg!mgMoon!( kg)( m/s2) ! the results from Example Problem 2 toanswer questions about a scale in an eleva-tor on Earth. What force would be exertedby the scale on a person in the followingsituations? elevator moves at constant speed, so a!0 and Fnet! !Fg!mg!( kg)( m/s2) !735 slows at m/s2while while moving upward, so a!$ m/s2 Fscale!Fnet"Fg!ma"mg!m(a"g)!( kg)($ m/s2" m/s2) !585 speeds up at m/s2while downward,so a!$ m/s2 Fscale!Fnet"Fg!ma"mg!m(a"g)!( kg)($ m/s2" m/s2) !585 moves downward at constant speed, so a!

9 0 and Fnet!0 Fscale!Fg!mg!( kg)( m/s2) !735 slows to a stop at a constant magni-tude of acceleration !a,thoughthe sign of adepends on the direc-tion of the motion that is !Fnet"Fg!ma"mg!( kg)(a) "( kg)( m/s2) !( kg)(a) "735 N585 N"" m/s2Fg"g64 Solutions ManualPhysics: Principles and ProblemsCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 4 continuedPhysics: Principles and ProblemsSolutions Manual65 Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Newton s Lawspages 96 101page GravityCompare the force holdinga rock on Earth and on the acceleration due to gravity on theMoon is hold the rock on Ear th:Fnet!FEarth on rock$Fhold on rock!0 Fhold on rock!

10 FEarth on rock!mgEarth!( kg)( m/s2)! NTo hold the rock on the Moon:Fnet!FMoon on rock$Fhold on rock!0 Fhold on rock!FMoon on rock!mgMoon!( kg)( m/s2)! and Apparent WeightYou take a ridein a fast elevator to the top of a tall buildingand ride back down while standing on abathroom scale. During which parts of theride will your apparent and real weights bethe same? During which parts will yourapparent weight be less than your realweight? More than your real weight? Sketchfree-body diagrams to support your weight and real weight are thesame when you are traveling either up ordown at a constant velocity. Apparentweight is less than real weight when theelevator is slowing while rising or speed-ing up while descending.


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